20-24 septembrie 2009 - Biblioteca Metropolitana Bucuresti

536 Süer eker & Hülya KASAPOĞLU ÇENGELKipchak-Polish/French dictionary for these texts. Armeno-Kipchak, losingits function in the following periods, faded into oblivion like Egyptian andSyrian Kipchak, and its speakers disappeared in history after they had beenmixed up in communities such as Polish or Ukrainian etc.4. Kipchak Written Languages in the Balkans and Eastern EuropeThe westernmost point of the marginal area in which Kipchak is spokenis Finland, and the easternmost point is Manchuria. Modern Kipchakvarieties are spoken by many autochthon communities in a large arearanging from the west part of Siberia to Poland, and from Tatarstan to thenorth part of Afghanistan. Apart from the marginal varieties such as Fu-YüKirghiz; Kirghiz, Karakalpak, a part of Kazakh and, all modern Kipchakwritten languages are the autochthon languages of Europe.A majority of Kipchak spoken varieties was made different writtenlanguages at the end of the 19 th century and in the first half of the 20 thcentury through Russian and Soviet language policies. Kipchak, thebranch of Turkic languages family that expanded the most extensively, isthe official written languages in two independent countries, Kirghizstanand Kazakhstan, and the autonomous regions in the Russian Federationand Uzbekistan. Kazakh (Kazakhstan), Kirghiz (Kirghizstan), Karakalpak(Uzbekistan), Tatar, Bashkir, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar, Noghay (TheRussian Federation) are the mother tongues of almost twenty millionpeople. Kipchak written languages are directly in contact with primarilySlavic language; Indo-European, Ural and Paleo-Siberia languages.Kipchak varieties in the Balkans and Eastern Europe without anyfunctional and consistent written languages cause the numbers of thespeakers of Dobruja Tatar (Bulgaria, Romania), Lithuanian Karay,Polish Karay, Krimcak, Urum (Ukraine), Estonian Tatar, Finnish Tatar,Lithuanian Tatar and Polish Tatar to decrease gradually. Therefore, theselanguages are in danger of becoming extinct. Crimean Tatar, with itscrowded population and its strong diaspora, is not in danger of becomingextinct in short term.Today’s western Kipchak written languages and varieties are thesuccessors of the spoken language that is represented by Codex Cumanicustogether with Kipchak written language in Armenian letters in terms oflanguage features such as -γ-/-g-, -γ/-g > -v-/ -v; -γ-/-g-, -γ/-g > -y-/ -y(Tatar, Bashkir, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar, Karay); u > o, o > u; ö > ü,ü > ö (Tatar, Bashkir); q- > x- (Kumyk, Urum) interrogative partide – mA(corresponds to – mA in Kazakh).