20-24 septembrie 2009 - Biblioteca Metropolitana Bucuresti

Romanian schools in the Balkan Peninsula during the 20 th century 783used not to pay priests for the ceremonies, they succeeded in supportingthemselves only by the subsidy received from the Romanian state 44 .The events in Turkey determined the endorsement after 1910 of a newmanagement form of schools throughout school Forumi.Despite the difficulties encountered by the Ottoman authorities whodelayed the granting of operation permits for Romanian schools, under thepressure and influence of the Greeks, with all religious persecutions, as wellas due to the conflicts that existed between the members of the Aromaniancommunities, mainly instigated by the Greek people, Romanian schoolsand churches continued to exist and operate in the first two decades of thetwentieth century. Therefore, in the eve of the Balkan wars (1912-1913) inthe European Turkey were 92 primary schools, 6 secondary schools, witha number of 3,850 pupils.The Peace Treaty of Bucharest, which was signed on the 28 th ofJuly/10 th of August 1913, established a new political reality in the BalkanPeninsula. The three Balkan countries Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia obligedthemselves, through an exchange of letters made with the Prime Ministerof Romania Titu Maiorescu, to grant autonomy to schools and churchesfor the Romanians in their countries, which could be subsidized under thesupervision of the governments of the states in question and to acknowledgea different bishopric for the Romanians.All Balkan states acknowledged after 1913 the existence of theAromanian schools, except for Serbia that considered the Treaty ofBucharest as being obsolete to it, rejecting the acknowledgement of theautonomy of schools and churches in Serbian Macedonia where wereclosed all primary schools for boys and girls, a high school , a normalschool and 10 churches.In Greece, however, the situation was better, especially underdemocratic governments after 1913. Bilateral cultural agreement concludedwith the Greek state relative to the autonomy of the Romanian primary andsecondary schools and the right of the Romanian government to subsidizethem ended in July/August 1913 and was one of the annexes to the Treatyof Bucharest in 1913. It stipulated the autonomy of Aromanian schoolsand churches and the creation of a Romanian bishopric, financed by theRomanian state, but under the supervision of the Greek government.Religion textbooks were prepared by the Romanian church authorities andthe teaching and school ones, after the programs of the Ministry of PublicEducation.In 1914 in Macedonia operated 91 primary schools, with 111 school44Ibidem, f. 34.