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Combining the two prayers due to some illness or other excuse
Ahmad, Qadi Hussain, al-Khattabi, and al-Mutawali of the Shaf'i school are of the opinion that it is allowed to combine two
prayers, either during the time of the earlier or later salah, due to illness as it is a greater hardship than rain. An-Nawawi says:
"This is a strong opinion based on [sound] evidence." In al-Mughni it is stated: "The illness which permits one to combine the
prayers is the one which would otherwise cause hardship and more weakness [if he prayed each salah separately]."
The Hanbali school is the most accommodating as it allows one to combine the prayers, at the time of the early or later salah,
for one who is ill as well as for the woman who is breast-feeding and will face hardship in cleaning her dress for every salah,
for the woman who is plagued by a prolonged flow of blood, for the person who cannot control his urine, and for one who
cannot purify himself or herself, and for the one who fears for his life, property, or family.
Fiqh-us-Sunnah
Fiqh 5.100
Combining Maghrib and 'Isha
Upon arriving in Muzdalifah the Prophet (peace be upon him) offered Maghrib and two rak'ahs for 'Isha (making qasr). He
ordered one single call for both 'Isha and Maghrib, but a separate iqamah for each. No other supererogatory prayer is to be
olfered in between these two prayers. In the hadith recorded by Muslim we read that the Prophet (peace be upon him) arrived
in Muzdalifah, and combined the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers, with one adhan and two iqamah.s. He did not offer any other
prayer in between the two. Combining these prayers is, according to the consensus of the scholars, a sunnah, though there is
disagreement as to those who offer these two prayers separately in their times. Most of the scholars consider it permissible,
but hold that following the example of the Prophet is far more preferable. Thawri and other knowledgeable people are of the
opinion that a pilgrim offering Maghrib prayer at any place other than Muzdalifah must re-do it. They are of the opinion,
however, that offering Zuhr and 'Asr prayers separately in their due times is permissible, but it is a disliked act.
PRAYERS – SINGLE:
Al-Tirmidhi Hadith
Hadith 752 Narrated by
Anas ibn Malik
Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said: The prayer of a person in his house is a single prayer; his prayer in the mosque
of his tribe has the reward of twenty-five prayers; his prayers in the mosque in which the Friday prayer is observed has the
reward of five hundred; his prayer in the mosque of Aqsa (i.e. Bayt al-Maqdis) has a reward of fifty thousand prayers; his
prayer in my mosque (the Prophet's mosque in Medina) has a reward of fifty thousand prayers; and the prayer in the Sacred
Mosque (Ka'bah) at Makkah has a reward of one hundred thousand prayers.
Transmitted by Ibn Majah.
PRAYERS - CONGREGATIONAL:
Fiqh-us-Sunnah
Fiqh 2.49
Congregational Prayer
Performing the prayers in congregation is a sunnah mu'akkadah. Many ahadith discuss the superiority and excellence of
prayers in congregation. Such ahadith include the following:
Ibn 'Umar reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "Prayer in congregation is superior to a prayer performed
individually by twenty-seven degrees." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Abu Hurairah reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "The prayer of a man in congregation is twenty-five
times more superior (in reward) to his prayer in his house or market - and this is because he makes the wudu' and perfects it
and goes to the mosque with the sole purpose of performing the salah. He does not take a step without being raised a degree
and having one of his sins erased. When he prays, as long as he does not lose his wudu, the angels keep on praying [for
him] 'O Allah, bless him. O Allah, have mercy on him.' And he is considered in salah as long as he is waiting for the salah."
This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim, and it is presented in al-Bukhari's wording.
Abu Hurairah also reports that a blind man said to the Prophet: "O Messenger of Allah, I have no guide to guide me to the
mosque." He asked the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam for permission to pray in his house and the Prophet gave it to him.
Then, when he turned to go, the Prophet called him and said: "Do you hear the call to prayer?" The blind man said "yes." The
Prophet then said: "Then respond to it!" [by coming to the mosque.] This is related by Muslim.
Abu Hurairah also reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul! I have
considered ordering a fire to be kindled and then ask someone to lead the people in salah. And then go to the men [who did
not attend the prayer] and burn their houses over them." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud says: "If anyone would like to meet Allah tomorrow as a Muslim, he should persevere in abserving these
five prayers whenever the call for them is made, for Allah has chosen for your Prophet the way of right guidance. And the
[five prayers in congregation] are part of this right guidance. If you were to pray them in your houses, as this man who stays
behind in his house, you would be leaving a sunnah of your Prophet. If you leave the sunnah of your Prophet, you would go
astray. Verily, I have seen a time when no one stayed away from them [the congregational prayers] except for the hypocrites
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