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207 Justice and faith. The Arabic word is Din, which is comprehensive. It implies the ideas of indebtedness, duty,
obedience, judgment, justice, faith, religion, customary rites, etc. The clause means: "until there is Din for God."
(2.193)
208 If the opposite party cease to persecute you, your hostility ends with them as a party, but it does not mean, that you
become friends to oppression. Your fight is against wrong; there should be no rancour against men. (2.193)
8:25 - And fear tumult or oppression which affecteth not in particular (only) those of you who do
wrong and know that Allah is strict in punishment. 1198
1198 Fitna has many meanings: (1) the root meaning is trial or temptation, as in ii. 102 and viii. 28; (2) an analogous
meaning is trial or punishment, as in v. 71; (3) tumult or oppression, as in ii. 193, and here: and in viii. 39 (4) there is
here (viii. 25) the further shade of meaning suggested, discord, sedition, civil war. This warning against internal
discord or tumult was very necessary in the Civil Wars of early Islam, and was never more necessary than it is now.
For it affects innocent and guilty alike. (8.25)
8:39 - And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression and there prevail justice and
faith in Allah altogether and everywhere; but if they cease verily Allah doth see all that they do.
12071208
1207 Cf. ii. 193 and n. (8.39)
1208 If they cease from fighting and from the persecution of truth, Allah judges then by their actions and their motives, and
would not wish that they should be harassed with further hostility. But if they refuse all terms, the righteous have
nothing to fear: Allah will help and protect them. (8.39)
8:73 - The unbelievers are protectors one of another: unless ye do this (protect each other) there
would be tumult and oppression on earth and great mischief. 1242
1242 Evil consorts with evil. The good have all the more reason for drawing together and not only living in mutual harmony,
but being ready at all times to protect each other. Otherwise the world will be given over to aggressions by
unscrupulous people, and the good will fail in their duty to establish Allah's Peace and to strengthen all the forces of
truth and righteousness. (8.73)
2:102 - They followed what the evil ones gave out (falsely) against the power of Solomon; the
blasphemers were not Solomon but the evil ones teaching men magic and such things as
came down at Babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. But neither of these taught anyone
(such things) without saying: "We are only for trial so do not blaspheme." They learned from
them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone
except by Allah's permission. And they learned what harmed them not what profited them.
And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the
Hereafter. And vile was the price for which they did sell their souls if they but knew! 103104105
105 What the evil ones learnt from Harut and Marut (see last note) they turned to evil. When mixed with fraud and
deception, it appeared as charms and spells of love potions. They did nothing but cause discord between the sexes.
But of course their power was limited to the extent to which God permitted the evil to work, for His grace protected all
who sought His guidance and repented and returned to Him. But apart from the harm that these false pretenders
might do to others, the chief harm which they did was to their own souls. They sold themselves into slavery to the Evil
One, as is shown in the allegory of Goethe's Faust. That allegory dealt with the individual soul. Here the tragedy is
shown to occur not only to individuals but to whole groups of people, for example, the People of the Book. Indeed the
story might be extended indefinitely. (2.102)
2:191 - And slay them wherever ye catch them and turn them out from where they have turned you
out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the Sacred
Mosque unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you slay them. Such is the reward of
those who suppress faith. 205206
205 This passage is illustrated by the events that happened at Hudaibiya in the sixth year of the Hijra, though it is not clear
that it was revealed on that occasion. The Muslims were by this time a strong and influential community. Many of
them were exiles from Mecca, where the Pagans had established an intolerant autocracy, persecuting Muslims,
preventing them from visiting their homes, and even keeping them out by force from performing the Pilgrimage during
the universally recognised period of truce. This was intolerance, oppression, and autocracy to the last degree, and
the mere readiness of the Muslims to enforce their rights as Arab citizens resulted without bloodshed in an agreement
which the Muslims faithfully observed. The Pagans, however, had no scruples in breaking faith, and it is unnecessary
here to go into subsequent events. (2.191)
206 Suppress faith: in the narrower as well as the larger sense. If they want forcibly to prevent you from exercising your
sacred rites, they have declared war on your religion, and it would be cowardice to ignore the challenge or to fail in
rooting out the tyranny. (2.191)
2:217 - They ask thee concerning fighting in the Prohibited Month. Say: "Fighting therein is a grave (offence);
but graver is it in the sight of Allah to prevent access to the path of Allah to deny Him to prevent access
to the Sacred Mosque and drive out its members. Tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter.
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