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Arabs introduced it into Europe; it was used in Greece in the 11th and 12th century, and in Spain through Sicily in the
12th century. The Papyrus, made from an Egyptian reed, was in Egypt as early as 2500 B.C. It gave place to paper in
Egypt in the 10th century. (6.6)
6:131 - (The apostles were sent) thus for thy Lord would not destroy for their wrong-doing men's
habitations whilst their occupants were unwarned.
6:133 - Thy Lord is Self-sufficient full of Mercy: if it were His Will He could destroy you and in your
place appoint whom He will as your successors even as he raised you up from the posterity of
other people. 955
955 God is not dependent on our prayer or service. It is out of His Mercy that He desires our own good. Any race or people
to whom He gives chances should understand that its failure does not affect God. He could create others in their
place, as He did in times past, and is doing in our own day, if only we had the wit to see it. (6.133)
7:129 - They said: "We have had (nothing but) trouble both before and after thou comest to us." He
said: "It may be that your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you inheritors in the earth;
that so He may try you by your deeds." 10861087
7:173 - Or lest ye should say: "Our fathers before us may have taken false gods but we are (their)
descendants after them: wilt thou then destroy us because of the deeds of men who were
futile?" 1148
1148 The latent faculties in man are enough to teach him the distinction between good and evil, to warn him of the dangers
that beset his life. But to awaken and stimulate them, a personal appeal is made to each individual through the "still
small voice" within him. This in its uncorrupted state acknowledges the truth and, as it were, swears its Covenant with
Allah. There is, therefore, no excuse for any individual to say, either (1) that he was unmindful, or (2) that he should
not be punished for the sins of his fathers, because his punishment (if any) comes from his personal responsibility and
is for his own rejection of faith and the higher spiritual influences. (7.173)
9:42 - If there had been immediate gain (in sight) and the journey easy they would (all) without
doubt have followed thee but the distance was long (and weighed) on them. They would
indeed swear by Allah "If we only could we should certainly have come out with you" they
would destroy their own souls; for Allah doth know that they are certainly lying. 1307
17:16 - When We decide to destroy a population We (first) send a definite order to those among
them who are given the good things of this life and yet transgress; so that the word is proved
true against them: then (it is) We destroy them utterly. 21922193
2192 Allah's Mercy gives every chance to the wicked to repent. When wickedness gets so rampant that punishment
becomes inevitable, even then Allah's Mercy and Justice act together. Those who are highly gifted from Allah-it may
be with wealth or position, or it may be with talents and opportunities-are expected to understand and obey. They are
given a definite order and warning. If they still transgress there is no further room for argument. They cannot plead
that they were ignorant. The command of the Lord is proved against them, and its application is called for beyond
doubt. Then it is that their punishment is completed. (17.16)
2193 Qaul here has the sense of word, order, law, charge framed against one under a definite law. (17.16)
17:17 - How many generations have We destroyed after Noah? And enough is thy Lord to note and
see the sins of His servants. 21942195
2184 Man in his ignorance or haste mistakes evil for good, and desires what he should not have. The wise and instructed
soul has patience and does not put its own desires above the wisdom of Allah. He receives with contentment the
favours of Allah, and prays to be rightly guided in his desires and petitions. (17.11)
17:58 - There is not a population but We shall destroy it before the Day of Judgment or punish it
with a dreadful Penalty: that is written in the (eternal) Record. 2244
2244 These verses are a commentary on the last clause of the last verse. "The Wrath of thy Lord is something to take heed
of." The godless thoughtlessly challenge Allah's Wrath, but do they realise its nature? Even the best of us must be
moved with terror when we think of its consequences, were it not for His unbounded Mercy. Those who deny the
Hereafter fail to realise its terrible Portents. They ask for Portents and Miracles now, but do they realise that their
coming means destruction and misery to those who reject faith? They will come soon enough. The whole world will be
convulsed before the Day of Judgment. The part of the wise is to prepare for it. (17.58)
20:61 - Moses said to him: "Woe to you! forge not ye a lie against Allah lest He destroy you (at
once) utterly by chastisement: the forger must suffer frustration!" 2585
2585 Moses had some idea of their trickery and deceit. They would palm off their fraudulent magic as coming from Allah or
from their gods! He warns them that their tricks will stand exposed, and their hopes will be defeated. (20.61)
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