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in winter). Pilgrims wear special clothes: simple garments which strip away distinctions of class and culture, so that all stand
equal before God.
The rites of the Hajj, which are of Abrahamic origin, include circling the Ka'ba seven times, and going seven times between
the mountains of Safa and Marwa as did Hagar during her search for water. Then the pilgrims stand together on the wide
plain of Arafa and join in prayers for God's forgiveness, in what is often thought of as a preview of the Last Judgement.
In previous centunes the Hajj was an arduous undertaking. Today, however, Saudi Arabia provides millions of people with
water, modem transport, and the most up-to-date health facilities.
The close of the Hajj is marked by a festival, the Eid al-Adha, which is celebrated with prayers and the exchange of gifts in
Muslim communities everywhere. This, and the Eid al-Fitr, a feast-day commemorating the end of Ramadan, are the main
festivals of the Muslim calendar.
Al-Muwatta Hadith
Hadith 36.16
Judgement on Abandonment of Islam
Malik related to me from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Qari that his father said, "A man came to
Umar ibn al-Khattab from Abu Musa al-Ashari. Umar asked after various people, and he informed him. Then Umar inquired,
'Do you have any recent news?' He said, 'Yes. A man has become a kafir after his Islam.' Umar asked, 'What have you done
with him?' He said, 'We let him approach and struck off his head.' Umar said, 'Didn't you imprison him for three days and feed
him a loaf of bread every day and call on him to tawba that he might turn in tawba and return to the command of Allah?' Then
Umar said, 'O Allah! I was not present and I did not order it and I am not pleased since it has come to me!' "
Islamic Terms Dictionary
Shahadah
declaration of faith. A person must recite the shahadah to convert to Islam. The shahadah in Islam
is:: "I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."
Al-Muwatta Hadith
Hadith 36.15
Judgement on Abandonment of Islam
Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "If someone changes his deen - strike his neck!"
The meaning of the statement of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in our opinion and Allah knows best,
is that "if someone changes his deen, strike his neck!" refers to those who leave Islam for other than it - like the heretics and
their like, about whom it is known. They are killed without being called to tawba because their tawba is not recognised. They
were hiding their kufr and publishing their Islam, so I do not think that one calls such people to tawba, and one does not
accept their word. As for the one who goes out of Islam to something else and divulges it, one calls him to tawba. If he does
not turn in tawba, he is killed. If there are people in that situation, I think that one should call them to Islam and call them to
tawba. If they turn in tawba, that is accepted from them. If they do not turn in tawba, they are killed. That does not refer as we
see it, and Allah knows best, to those who come out of Judaism to Christianity or from Christianity to Judaism, nor to
someone who changes his deen from the various forms of deen except for Islam. Whoever comes out of Islam to other than it
and divulges that, that is the one who is referred to, and Allah knows best!
ISRAEL: See2:40.47.:51.53.54.59.61.63.74.75.79.80.83.84.85.86.88.91.93.96.100.122.211.246.. 3:93, 5:13.14.32.70.72. 73.74.,
7:134.138.141. 10:93. 17:2. 4.8.101, 20:80.82.94, 26:17, 29:27, 32:23.25., 40:53.54, 59, 44:30, 45:16.17., 61:6.14, etc.
J.
JACOB: See under “Prophets”
JALABIB: See under “Women”
JANAZA:
9:84 - Nor do thou ever pray for any of them that dies nor stand at his grave: for they rejected Allah
and His apostle and died in a state of perverse rebellion. 1337
1337 On the death of a Muslim, it is the pious duty of every neighbouring Muslim who can, to assist in the simple funeral
ceremonies,-the prayer for mercy before the body is consigned to the grave, and the consignment of the body to the
grave, by a simple, solemn, and dignified ritual. For those who have shown hostility to Islam, this would not be seemly
and is forbidden. (9.84)
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