ism

50
3669 "Two hearts in his (one) breast": two inconsistent attitudes: such as serving Allah and Mammon; or subscribing to both
Truth and Superstition; or hypocritically pretending one thing and intending another. Such a thing is against Allah's
Law and Will. Apart from the condemnation of general hypocrisy, two pagan customs of the Times of Ignorance are
mentioned, and their iniquity pointed out. See the notes 3670 and 3671. (33.4)
3670 This was an evil Arab custom. He pronounced words importing that she was like his mother. See also lviii. 1-5. where
this is condemned in the strongest terms and punishment is provided for it. A man sometimes said such words in a fit
of anger; they did not affect him, but they degraded her position. (33.4)
3671 If a man called another's son "his son", it might create complications with natural and normal relationships if taken too
literally. It is pointed out that it is only a facon de parler in men's mouths, and should not be taken literally. The truth is
the truth and cannot be altered by men's adopting "sons". "Adoption" in the technical sense is not allowed in Muslim
Law. Those who have been "wives of your sons proceeding from your loins" are within the Prohibited Degrees of
marriage; iv. 23: but this does not apply to "adopted" sons. (33.4)
33:5 - Call them by (the names) of their fathers: that is juster in the sight of Allah but if ye know not
their father's (names call them) your Brothers in faith or your Maulas. But there is no blame on
you if ye make a mistake therein: (what counts is) the intention of your hearts: and Allah is Oft-
Returning Most Merciful. 36723673
3672 Freedmen were often called after their master's name as the "son of so and so". When they were slaves, perhaps
their father's names were lost altogether. It is more correct to speak of them as the Maula of so and so. But Maula in
Arabic might also imply a close relationship of friendship: in that case, too, it is better to use the right term instead of
the term "son". "Brother" is not objectionable because "Brotherhood" is used in a wider sense than "fatherhood" and is
not likely to be misunderstood. (33.5)
3673 What is aimed at is to destroy the superstition of erecting false relationships to the detriment or loss of true blood
relations. It is not intended to penalise an unintentional slip in the matter, and indeed, even if a man deliberately calls
another his son or father, who is not his son or father, out of politeness or affection, "Allah is Oft- Forgiving, Most
Merciful". It is the action of mischievous parties which is chiefly reprehended, if they intend false insinuations. A mere
mistake on their part does not matter. (33.5)
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith
Hadith 7.25 Narrated by
Aisha
Abu Hudhaifa bin 'Utba bin Rabi'a bin Abdi Shams who had witnessed the battle of Badr along with the Prophet adopted
Salim as his son, to whom he married his niece, Hind bint Al-Walid bin 'Utba bin Rabi'a; and Salim was the freed slave of an
Ansar woman, just as the Prophet had adopted Zaid as his son. It was the custom in the Pre-Islamic Period that if somebody
adopted a boy, the people would call him the son of the adoptive father and he would be the latter's heir. But when Allah
revealed the Divine Verses: "Call them by (the names of) their fathers . . . your freed-slaves," (33.5) the adopted persons
were called by their fathers' names. The one whose father was not known, would be regarded as a Maula and your brother in
religion. Later on Sahla bint Suhail bin 'Amr Al-Quraishi Al-'Amiri--and she was the wife of Abu- Hudhaifa bin 'Utba--came to
the Prophet and said, "O Allah's Apostle! We used to consider Salim as our (adopted) son, and now Allah has revealed what
you know (regarding adopted sons)." The sub-narrator then mentioned the rest of the narration.
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith
Hadith 5.335
Aisha
Narrated by
the wife of the Prophet) Abu Hudhaifa, one of those who fought the battle of Badr, with Allah's Apostle adopted Salim as his
son and married his niece Hind bint Al-Wahd bin 'Utba to him' and Salim was a freed slave of an Ansari woman. Allah's
Apostle also adopted Zaid as his son. In the pre-Islamic period of ignorance the custom was that, if one adopted a son, the
people would call him by the name of the adopted-father whom he would inherit as well, till Allah revealed: "Call them
(adopted sons) By (the names of) their fathers." (33.5)
8:72 - Those who believed and adopted exile and fought for the faith with their property and their
persons in the cause of Allah as well as those who gave (them) asylum and aid these are (all)
friends and protectors one of another. As to those who believed but came not into exile ye
owe no duty of protection to them until they seek your aid in religion it is your duty to help them
except against a people with whom ye have a treaty of mutual alliance: and (remember) Allah
seeth all that ye do. 123912401241
1239 The reference is to the Muhajirin and the Ansar, the Emigrants and the Helpers, the people who forsook their homes
and adopted voluntary exile from Makkah in company with their beloved Leader, and their good friends in Madinah,
who gave them asylum and every kind of assistance, moral and material. Under the magnetic personality of the Holy
Prophet these two groups became like blood-brothers, and they were so treated in matters of inheritance during the
period when they were cut off from their kith and kin. (8.72)
1240 The Believers (Muslims) were entitied to all assistance in matters of religion. But if they were not strong enough to
suffer voluntary exile on behalf of the Cause and make the personal sacrifices which their more ardent brethren in
faith made, they could not reasonably ask for political or military assistance or protection. (8.72)
Go to UP
50