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in acknowledgment that those whose religion was tolerated would in their turn not interfere with the preaching and
progress of Islam. Imam Shafi'i suggests one dinar per year, which would be the Arabian gold dinar of the Muslim
States. The tax varied in amount, and there were exemptions for the poor, for females and children (according to Abu
Hanifa), for slaves, and for monks and hermits. Being a tax on able-bodied males of military age, it was in a sense a
commutation for military service. But see the next note. (9.29)
1282 'An Yadin (literally, from the hand) has been variously interpreted. The hand being the symbol of power and authority.
I accept the interpretation "in token of willing submission." The Jizya was thus partly symbolic and partly a
commutation for military service, but as the amount was insignificant and the exemptions numerous, its symbolic
character predominated. See the last note. (9.29)
Al-Muwatta Hadith
Hadith 17.46
Jizya on People of the Book and Magians
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote to his governors telling them to relieve any
people who payed the jizya from paying the jizya if they became muslims.
Malik said, "The sunna is that there is no jizya due from women or children of people of the Book, and that jizya is only taken
from men who have reached puberty. The people of dhimma and the magians do not have to pay any zakat on their palms or
their vines or their crops or their livestock. This is because zakat is imposed on the muslims to purify them and to be given
back to their poor, whereas jizya is imposed on the people of the Book to humble them. As long as they are in the country
they have agreed to live in, they do not have to pay anything on their property except the jizya. If, however, they trade in
muslim countries, coming and going in them, a tenth is taken from what they invest in such trade. This is because jizya is only
imposed on them on conditions, which they have agreed on, namely that they will remain in their own countries, and that war
will be waged for them on any enemy of theirs, and that if they then leave that land to go anywhere else to do business they
will haveto pay a tenth. Whoever among them does business with the people of Egypt, and then goes to Syria, and then does
business with the people of Syria and then goes to Iraq and does business with them and then goes on to Madina, or Yemen,
or other similar places, has to pay a tenth.
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith
Hadith 3.425 Narrated by
Abu Huraira
Allah's Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, son of Mary (Jesus) will shortly descend
amongst you people (Muslims) as a just ruler and will break the cross and kill the pig and abolish the
Jizya (a tax taken from the non-Muslims who are in the protection of the Muslim government). Then
there will be abundance of money and nobody will accept charitable gifts.
JOB: - See under “Prophets”
JOHN: - See under “Prophets”
JONAH: - See under “Prophets”
JOSEPH: - See under “Prophets”
JOURNEY: -
2:184 - (Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill or on a journey the prescribed
number (should be made up) from days later.
2:185 - Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an as a guide to mankind also
clear (Signs) for guidance and judgment (between right and wrong). So everyone of you who
is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting but if anyone is ill or on a
journey the prescribed period (should be made up) by days later.
2:283 -If ye are on a journey and cannot find a scribe a pledge with possession (may serve the
purpose).
334 A pledge or security stands on its own independent footing, though it is a very convenient form of closing the bargain
where the parties cannot trust each other, and cannot get a written agreement with proper witnesses. (2.283)
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