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SATAN:
noble ideas, nor our ears sufficiently acute to hear their exposition: you and we are quite different; there is a gulf
between us. Why worry about us? You go your way, and we shall go ours!' (41.5)
2:36 - Then did Satan make them slip from the (garden) and get them out of the state (of felicity) in
which they had been. We said: "Get ye down all (ye people) with enmity between yourselves.
On earth will be your dwelling place and your means of livelihood for a time." 525354
52 "Iblis" in ii. 34 is apparently the Power of Evil, with the root idea of desperateness of rebillion. "Satan" in this verse is
the Power of Evil, with the root idea of perversity or enmity. Note the appropriateness of the term on each occasion.
Also, "slipping" from the Garden denotes the idea of Evil gradually tempting man from a higher to a lower state. (2.36)
53 God's decree is the result of man's action. Note the transition in Arabic from the singular number in ii. 33, to the dual
in ii. 35, and the plural here, which I have indicated in English by "All ye people." Evidently Adam is the type of all
mankind, and the sexes go together in all spiritual matters. Moreover, the expulsion applied to Adam, Eve, and Satan,
and the Arabic plural is appropriate for any number greater than two. (2.36)
54 Man's sojourn in this lower state, where he is partly an animal of this earth, is for a time. But he must fulfil his lower
duties also, for they too are a part of his spiritual training. (2.36)
4:76 - Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah and those who reject faith fight in the cause of
evil: so fight ye against the friends of Satan: feeble indeed is the cunning of Satan. 594
594 Auliyaa plural of wali, friend, supporter, protector, patron; from the same root as maula, for which see iv. 33, n. 543.
(4.76)
4:117 - (The pagans) leaving Him call but upon female deities: they call but upon Satan the
persistent rebel! 627
627 The unity, power, and goodness of Allah are so manifest in nature and in the human mind when it is in accord with the
universal spirit, that only the most abject perversion can account for the sin of religious treason. That sin arises from
perverted ideas of sex or perverted ideas of self. The perversion of sex is to suppose that sex rules in religious
matters. From it arise such horrible creations of the imagination as Kali, the blood-thirsty goddess of India, or Hecate,
the goddess of revenge and hate in Greek mythology. Even in beautiful forms like Saraswati (the goddess of learning)
or Minerva (the virgin goddess of sport and arts), to say nothing of Venus (the goddess of carnal pleasures), the
emphasis laid on sex destroys a right view of religious nature. Perverted ideas of self are typified in the story of Satan,
who was so puffed up with arrogance that he disobeyed Allah, and Allah cursed him. Both these perversions, if
allowed lodgment, completely ruin our religious nature and deface Allah's handiwork. Hence it is not merely an outer
sin but one that corrupts us through and through. (4.117)
4:118 - Allah did curse him but he said: "I will take of Thy servants a portion marked off. 628
628 Satan obtained Allah's permission to tempt man, and this was implied in such free-will as was granted to man by
Allah. Satan's boast is that the portion of mankind seduced by him will be so corrupted in their nature that they will
bear a sort of brand that will mark them off as his own; or that they will be like a portion assigned to himself. (4.118)
4:119 - "I will mislead them and I will create in them false desires; I will order them to slit the ears of
cattle and to deface the (fair) nature created by Allah." Whoever forsaking Allah takes Satan
for a friend hath of a surety suffered a loss that is manifest. 629630631
629 Satan's deceptions are with false desires, false superstitions, and false fears. (4.119)
630 Slitting the ears of cattle is just one instance of the superstitions to which men become slaves when they run after
false gods. Astrology, magic, and vain beliefs in things that do not exist lead men away from Allah, the one true God.
(4.119)
631 To deface the (fair) nature created by Allah; there is both a physical and a spiritual meaning. We see many kinds of
defacements practised on men and animals, against their true nature as created by Allah, partly on account of
superstition, partly on account of selfishness. Spiritually the case is even worse. How many natures are dwarfed or
starved and turned from their original instincts by cruel superstitions or customs? Allah created man pure: Satan
defaces the image. (4.119)
4:120 - Satan makes them promises and creates in them false desires; but Satan's promises are
nothing but deception.
5:91 - Satan's plan is (but) to excite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants and gambling
and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer: will ye not then abstain?
6:43 - When the suffering reached them from Us why then did they not learn humility? On the
contrary their hearts became hardened and Satan made their (sinful) acts seem alluring to
them. 861
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