ism

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3. Feeding
69.25, 69.26, 69.27, 69.28, 69.29, 69.30, 69.31, 69.32, 69.33, 69.34, 69.35, 69.36, 69.37, 74.44, 90.14, 90.15, 90.16,
90.16
4. Feeding for love of Allah
76.8, 76.9, 76.10, 76.11, 76.12, 76.13, 76.14, 76.15, 76.16, 76.17, 76.18, 76.19, 76.20, 76.21, 76.22, 76.22
SEE:
Sahih Bukhari Hadith Subjects
Unfulfilled Oaths, Expiation of
1. 'For expiation, feed ten indigent persons'
B 8.699
INHERITANCE:
4:11 - Allah (thus) directs you as regards your children's (inheritance): to the male a portion equal to
that of two females: if only daughters two or more their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if
only one her share is a half. For parents a sixth share of the inheritance to each if the
deceased left children; if no children and the parents are the (only) heirs the mother has a
third; if the deceased left brothers (or sisters) the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all
cases is) after the payment of legacies and debts. Ye know not whether your parents or your
children are nearest to you in benefit. These are settled portions ordained by Allah and Allah
is All-Knowing All-Wise. 516517518
516 The principles of inheritance law are laid down in broad outline in the Qur-an; the precise details have been worked
out on the basis of the Prophet's practice and that of his Companions, and by interpretation and analogy. Muslim
jurists have collected a vast amount of learning on this subject, and this body of law is enough by itself to form the
subject of life-long study. Here we shall deal only with the broad principles to be gathered from the Text, as interpreted
by the Jurists. (1) The power of testamentary disposition extends over only one-third of the Property; the remaining
two-thirds are distributed among heirs as laid down. (2) All distribution takes place after the legacies and debts
(including funeral expenses) have first been paid. (3) Legacies cannot be left to any of the heirs included in the
scheme of distribution; or it will amount to upsetting the shares and undue preference of one heir to another. (4)
Generally, but not always, the male takes a share double that of a female in his own category. (4.11)
517 At first sight, the Arabic words seem to mean: "if more than two daughters." But the alternative in the next clause is: "if
only one daughter." Logically, therefore, the first clause must mean: "if daughters, two or more." This is the general
interpretation, and is confirmed by the supplementary provision in iv. 176 at the end of the Sura, which should be read
along with this. (4.11)
518 This verse deals with the portions allotted to (a) children, and (b) parents. The next verse deals with the portions
allotted to (c) husband or wife of the deceased, and (d) collaterals. The children's shares are fixed, but their amount
will depend upon what goes to the parents. If both parents are living, and there are also children, both father and
mother take a sixth each: if only one parent is living, he or she takes his or her sixth; and the rest goes to the children.
If the parents are living, and there is no child or other heir, the mother gets a third (and the father the remaining twothirds);
if there are no children, but there are brothers or sisters (this is interpreted strictly in the plural), the mother has
a sixth, and the father apparently the residue, as the father excludes collaterals. This is far from being an exhaustive
statement, but it establishes the proposition that children and parents have always some share if they survive, but
their shares are affected by the existence and number of the heirs in these categories. (4.11)
4:12 - In what your wives leave your share is a half if they leave no child; but if they leave a child ye
get a fourth; after payment of legacies and debts. In what ye leave their share is a fourth if ye
leave no child; but if ye leave a child they get an eighth; after payment of legacies and debts.
If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question has left neither ascendants nor
descendants but has left a brother or a sister each one of the two gets a sixth; but if more than
two they share in a third; after payment of legacies and debts; so that no loss is caused (to
anyone). Thus is it ordained by Allah and Allah is All-Knowing Most Forbearing. 519520521522
519 The husband takes a half of his deceased wife's property if she leaves no child, the rest going to residuaries; if she
leaves a child, the husband gets only a fourth. Following the rule that the female share is generally half the male
share, the widow gets a fourth of her deceased husband's property, if he leaves no children, and an eighth if he
leaves children. If there are more widows than one, their collective share is a fourth or an eighth as the case may be;
inter se they divide equally. (4.12)
520 The word in Arabic is kalalat, which is so construed usually. But it was nowhere defined authoritatively in the lifetime
of the Messenger. This was one of the three terms about which Hadhrat Umar wished that the Messenger had defined
them in his lifetime, the other two being the share of grandfather, and riba (usury). On the accepted definition, we are
concerned with the inheritance of a person who has left no descendant or ascendant (however distant), but only
collaterals, with or without a widow or widower. If there is a widow or widower surviving, she or he takes the share as
already defined, before the collaterals come in. (4.12)
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