ism

1838
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith
Hadith 1.115
Narrated by
Um Salama
One night Allah's Apostle got up and said, "Subhan Allah! How many afflictions have been descended
tonight and how many treasures have been disclosed! Go and wake the sleeping lady occupants of these
dwellings (his wives) up (for prayers). A well-dressed (soul) in this world may be naked in the Hereafter. "
TREATIES:
9:1 - A (declaration) of immunity from Allah and His apostle to those of the pagans with whom ye
have contracted mutual alliances. 1246
1246 Baraat: usually translated "immunity". I do not think that word correctly represents the Arabic word in this context. I
retain it as I cannot think of any single English word as an equivalent. The general sense is explained in the
introduction to this Sura. In verse 3 below I use the periphrasis "dissolve treaty obligations," which goes some way to
explain the meaning. The Pagans and enemies of Islam frequently made treaties of mutual alliance with the Muslims.
The Muslims scrupulously observed their part, but the Pagans violated their part again and again when it suited them.
After some years, experience it became imperative to denounce such treaties altogether. This was done in due form,
with four months' notice, and a chance was given to those who faithfully observed their pledges, to continue their
alliance. (9.1)
9:2 - Go ye then for four months backwards and forwards (as ye will) throughout the land but know
ye that ye cannot frustrate Allah (by your falsehood) but that Allah will cover with shame those
who reject him. 1247
1247 Four Months: Some Commentators understand by this the four forbidden months in which warfare by ancient Arabian
custom was unlawful, viz., Rajab, Zul-qa'dah, Zul-hijjah, and Muharram: See ii. 194 n. But it is better to take the
signification of the four months immediately following the Declaration. Assuming that the Sura was promulgated early
in Shawwal (see Introduction), the four months would be Shawwal, Zul-qa'dah, Zul-hijjah, and Muharram, of which the
last three would also be the customary Prohibited Months. (9.2)
9:3 - And an announcement from Allah and His apostle to the people (assembled) on the day of the
Great Pilgrimage that Allah and His apostle dissolve (treaty) obligations with the pagans. If
then ye repent it were best for you; but if ye turn away know ye that ye cannot frustrate Allah.
And proclaim a grievous penalty to those who reject faith. 1248
1248 The great day of Hajj is either the 9th of Zul-hijjah ('Arafa), or the 10th (the Day of Sacrifice). (9.3)
9:4 - (But the treaties are) not dissolved with those pagans with whom Ye have entered into alliance
and who have not subsequently failed you in aught nor aided anyone against you. So fulfil
your engagements with them to the end of their term: for Allah loveth the righteous. 1249
1249 The sacred duty of fulfilling all obligations of every kind, to Muslims and non Muslims, in public as well as private life,
is a cardinal feature of Muslim ethics. The question what is to be done with those who abuse this principle by failing in
their duty but expect the Muslims to do their part is not to be solved (in the case of treaties) by a general denunciation
of treaties but by a careful consideration of the cases where there has been fidelity and not treachery. There we are
enjoined to give the strictest fidelity, as it is a part of righteousness and our duty to Allah. (9.4)
9:7 - How can there be a league before Allah and His apostle with the pagans except those with
whom ye made a treaty near the sacred mosque? As long as these stand true to you stand ye
true to them: For Allah doth love the righteous. 1255
1255 In this section we have the reasons why the treaties with treacherous Pagan foes were denounced. The clause
introducing the exception is a parenthetical clause. The word "Pagans" must be connected with verse 8 which follows.
In that verse the word kaifa resumes the clause introduced by the word kaifa at the beginning of verse 7. The
exceptional Pagan tribes which remained true to their word were the Banu Hamza and the Banu Kinana, who swore
their treaty near the Sacred Mosque and faithfully observed it. They were to be given the full benefit of their fidelity
even though their kindred tribes were treacherous. (9.7)
8:55 - For the worst of beasts in the sight of Allah are those who reject Him: They will not believe.
1223
1223 In viii. 22 we were warned against "the worst of beasts in the sight of Allah", who do not make use of their faculties of
hearing, speaking and understanding, in the service of Allah, and in fact misuse their faculties to blaspheme Allah.
The same brute creatures are shone here in another light: they are faithless both to Allah and man. (8.55)
8:56 - They are those with whom thou didst make a covenant but they break their covenant every
time and they have not the fear (of Allah). 1224
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1838