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49:13 - O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into
nations and tribes that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise each other). Verily
the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And
Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things). 4933
4933 This is addressed to all mankind and not only to the Muslim brotherhood, though it is understood that in a perfected
world the two would be synonymous. As it is, mankind is descended from one pair of parents. Their tribes, races, and
nations are convenient labels by which we may know certain differing characteristics. Before Allah they are all one,
and he gets most honour who is most righteous. (49.13)
65:11 - An Apostle who rehearses to you the Signs of Allah containing clear explanations that he
may lead forth those who believe and do righteous deeds from the depths of Darkness into
Light. And those who believe in Allah and work righteousness He will admit to Gardens
beneath which rivers flow to dwell therein forever: Allah has indeed granted for them a most
excellent provision. 5525
5525 Cf. xxiv. 40: the unbelievers' state is "like the depths of darkness in a vast deep ocean, overwhelmed with billow
topped by billow, topped by dark clouds; depths of darkness, one above another." Cf. ii. 257; "Allah is the Protector of
those who have Faith: from the depths of darkness He will lead them forth into light." (65.11)
66:4 - If ye two turn in repentance to Him your hearts are indeed so inclined; but if ye back up each
other against him truly Allah is his Protector and Gabriel and (every) righteous one among
those who believe and furthermore the angels will back (him) up. 55345535
5534 There are further lessons. (4) Both the party betraying confidence and that encouraging the betrayal must purge their
conduct by repentance. (5) Frank repentance would be what their hearts and conscience themselves would dictate
and they must not resist such amends on account of selfish obstinacy. (6) If they were to resist frank repentance and
amends, they are only abetting each other's wrong, and they cannot prevail against all the moral forces which will be
ranged on the side of the right. (66.4)
5535 Do not forget the dual meaning: immediate, in application to the holy Prophet, and general, being the lesson which we
ought all to learn. The holy Prophet could not be injured by any persons doing anything against him even though they
might unconsciously put him in great jeopardy: for Allah, the Angel Gabriel (who was the Messenger to him), and the
whole Community, would protect him,-to say nothing of the army of angels or hidden spiritual forces that always
guarded him. Cf. xxxiii. 56. The general lemon for us is that the good man's protection is that of the moral forces
around him; it is divine protection, against which human weakness or folly will have no power. (66.4)
68:50 - Thus did his Lord choose him and make him of the company of the Righteous. 56315632
5632 Cf. iv. 69, n. 586. In the beautiful Company of the Righteous there is room for all, of every grade of spiritual
advancement, from the highest to the most ordinary. But as in democratic politics every citizen's rights and status
have complete recognition, so, in this Company, the badge of Righteousness is the bond, even though there may be
higher degrees of knowledge or experience. (68.50)
74:56 - But none will keep it in remembrance except as Allah wills: He is the Lord of
Righteousness and the Lord of Forgiveness. 5808
5808 Righteousness as well as Forgiveness have their source in Allah's Will. Man's Righteousness has no meaning except
in relation to the universal Will. For Taqwa see n. 26 to ii. 2. If we take the word here in the sense of "the fear of Allah",
the translation would be: "He alone is worthy to be feared, and He alone is entitled to grant Forgiveness." (74.56)
76:7 - They perform (their) vows and they fear a Day whose evil flies far and wide. 583658375838
5836 They: i.e., the Righteous: they are known in the present life by the virtues described in verses 7-10, and in the life of
the Hereafter they will enjoy the Bliss described in verses 11-22. (76.7)
5837 Cf. xxii. 29. The vows must be vows of spiritual service, which of course includes service to humanity, such as is
mentioned in the next verse. They are Devotees of Allah, and they must perform all vows and contracts (v. I and n.
682). Vows of the Pagan sort, savouring of a sort of "bribe" to the Deity, are not approved. (76.7)
5838 That is, they prepare for the Judgment to come, where the
76:8 - And they feed for the love of Allah the indigent the orphan and the captive 5839
5839 The captive: when taken literally, it refers to the old state of things when captives of war had to earn their own food, or
their own redemption; even ordinary prisoners in jail for criminal offences often starved unless food was provided for
them by private friends or from their own earnings. (76.8)
83:18 - Nay verily the Record of the Righteous is (preserved) in `Illiyin. 6019
6019 'Illiyin: the oblique form of the nominative Illiyun, which occurs in the next verse. It is in contrast to the Sijjin which
occurs in verse 7 above, where see n. 6213. Literally, it means the 'High Places'. Applying the reasoning parallel to
that which we applied to Sijjin, we may interpret it as the Place where is kept the Register of the Righteous. (83.18)
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