C. Wiebes - Intelligence en de oorlog in Bosnië 1992-1995. De rol van de inlichtingen- en veiligheidsdiensten - Engels

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3746. Directorate of General Information.7. Directorate of Legal Affairs, Department of Administrative Law, Criminal Law and DisciplinaryRules.8. Directorate-General of Personnel.9. Directorate-General for Equipment.10.Directorate-General for Economy and Finance.11. Military Intelligence Service (MIS), Central Organization.12. First Air Force Signals Group (1LVG),13. The 898 Signals Battalion (898 Vbdbat) of the Royal Netherlands Army in Eibergen,14. Royal Netherlands Navy Technical Information Processing Centre (TIVC) in Amsterdam15. Signals Intelligence Department (AVI) in The Hague16. Defence attaché in Ottawa.Royal Netherlands Army Archives1. The Army Council.- Archive of the Cabinet/Staff Group of the Commander in Chief of the RoyalNetherlands Army.2. Archive of the Royal Netherlands Army Operational Staff.- The archive of the former Royal Netherlands Army Crisis Staff- Operational Staff’s ‘Lessons Learned’ Section.- Department of Operational Affairs.- Archive of the Department of Operational Policy.3. Archive of the Military Intelligence Service, Royal Netherlands Army (former Department ofIntelligence & Security).4. The First Army Corps.5. The 11th Airmobile Brigade at Schaarsbergen.6. Collection of the Military History Section.7. Commander in Chief of the Royal Netherlands Army Archive of Srebrenica Debriefing.8. The 101st MI platoon at Ede.9. ‘Lessons Learned’ Section.10. Archives consulted at the Royal Netherlands Air Force11. Staff Department of Operations, Exercises, Plans, Evaluations & Reporting (STAOOPER)12. The photo archive of the 306th Squadron at Volkel Air Base.Other archives and collectionsMinistry of Home Affairs, The HagueCollection of the Dutch National Security Service (BVD) in Leidschendam. Files 98272 and 116679concerning the situation in the former Yugoslavia and its possible implications for Dutch nationalsecurity and the democratic system were made available.
375Collection of the Economic Investigation Service, International Economic Investigations Branch in Utrecht.Documents concerning evasion of the embargo against the former Yugoslavia were consulted.Cabinet Office, The Hague1. The archive of the Prime Minister’s office (KMP)2. The archive of the Secretary-General.3. Objectivized summaries of the minutes of the Ministerial Council meetings from 1992 – 1998 madefor the purposes of the present NIOD study.4. The archive of the Committee of the United Intelligence Services in the Netherlands (CVIN).5. The archive of the Ministerial Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services (MICIV).United Nations, Geneva1. UNPROFOR Collection. The archive contained documents from the UN headquarters in Zagreb,Sarajevo and Tuzla. Many of the documents from Tuzla originally came from the UNPROFOR CivilAffairs official in Tuzla, who reported on a wide variety of subjects.2. Collection of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) Papers, Palais des Nations.This collection includes the most important correspondence between the European negotiators LordOwen, Vance, Stoltenberg and Bildt, the UN Secretary-General’s special envoy Akashi, the Departmentof Peacekeeping Operations led by Annan and the Unprofor military representatives in the period from1992 – 1996.3. Collection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In the UN refugeeorganization’s archive many documents concerning humanitarian affairs in the Srebrenica enclave werefound.United Nations, New York1. Collection of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). This collection includes all ofthe United Nations coded cables which were exchanged between DPKO and the Unproforrepresentatives and diplomatic negotiators during the war in Bosnia. The part of this collectioncovering the period from 1992 – 1995 was inspected.2. Collection of Siergo Vieira de Mello. This archive contains correspondence between DPKO andUPROFOR officials in Bosnia.3. UNPROFOR Collection. This archive contains the most important correspondence between the UNSecretary-General’s special envoy Akashi, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and theUPROFOR commanders during the period from 1992 – 1996 and also the archives of the ForceCommander, Deputy Force Commanders and Chiefs of Staff.International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia, The HagueA collection of documents used in the trial of Serbian General Krstic before the Yugoslavia Tribunal(IT-98-33).Canada1. Collection of the Canadian Ministry of Defence in Ottawa. In the so-called Green Folder Confidentialand Red Folder Secret I & II documents concerning the Canadian UNPROFOR units in Bosnia ingeneral and Srebrenica in particular were inspected. They were mainly reports from Bosnia to theNational Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) of the Ministry of Defence and correspondence with
Page 1:
Srebrenica: a ‘safe’ areaAppend
Page 5 and 6:
CIC - Current Intelligence CentreCI
Page 7 and 8:
7SCS - Special Collection ServiceSE
Page 9 and 10:
9still active staff of intelligence
Page 11 and 12:
11Chapter 1The United Nations and I
Page 13 and 14:
13with setting the objectives of gr
Page 15 and 16:
15gathered, organized and analysed
Page 17 and 18:
17The second phase in the intellige
Page 19 and 20:
19can also be or become intelligenc
Page 21 and 22:
21additional financial and other in
Page 23 and 24:
23undermined the idea that the inte
Page 25 and 26:
25that the safety of their personne
Page 27 and 28:
27to generate an all-source perspec
Page 29 and 30:
29in all, Van Kappen found it a ‘
Page 31 and 32:
31The first step taken by the Bush
Page 33 and 34:
33Virginia, where it was decided wh
Page 35 and 36:
35a dual responsibility to support
Page 37 and 38:
37had indications that this attack
Page 39 and 40:
39example, the following is contain
Page 41 and 42:
41played an important role. For thi
Page 43 and 44:
43any indication of action taken. T
Page 45 and 46:
45verification flights by unmanned
Page 47 and 48:
47NATO’s most important troop-con
Page 49 and 50:
49strategic systems were revamped t
Page 51 and 52:
51Another problem was that good (no
Page 53 and 54:
53American National Reconnaissance
Page 55 and 56:
55Soviet Union’s intercontinental
Page 57 and 58:
574. The perception and information
Page 59:
59not detract from the fact that
Page 62 and 63:
62intelligence officers even told t
Page 64:
64the mandate differently or which
Page 67:
67atrocities but the Bosnian Serbs
Page 70 and 71:
70Republika Srpska. The work was no
Page 72 and 73:
72from the fact that the Direction
Page 74 and 75:
74involved in intelligence activiti
Page 76 and 77:
76Forces were said to have received
Page 78 and 79:
78exchange, then generally speaking
Page 80 and 81:
80Chapter 3Dutch intelligence and s
Page 82 and 83:
82reorganization of the MIS. In 199
Page 84 and 85:
84commotion flaring up within the s
Page 86 and 87:
86intelligence. 394 Until that time
Page 88 and 89:
88their relief goods for Bosnia tha
Page 90 and 91:
90The BVD collaborated closely on Y
Page 94 and 95:
94cutbacks recommended by the Van I
Page 97 and 98:
97information without compromising
Page 99 and 100:
99Yugoslavia did not prove to be a
Page 101 and 102:
101MIS/CO. Intelligence sharing wit
Page 103 and 104:
103German, Italian and Danish intel
Page 105 and 106:
105Originally, the European Bureau
Page 107 and 108:
107that an insight was obtained usi
Page 109 and 110:
109They made civil and military ris
Page 111 and 112:
111In other words, the flow of info
Page 113 and 114:
113three tasks: looking for indicat
Page 115 and 116:
115In reality the MIS/Army function
Page 117 and 118:
117his benefit, and many others. It
Page 119 and 120:
119too. This had already been estab
Page 121 and 122:
121negative assessment: not to go t
Page 123 and 124:
123capacity of the UN, but as descr
Page 125 and 126:
125organizations that could possibl
Page 127 and 128:
127Department, the Counterintellige
Page 129 and 130:
129MIS/Air Force officer went to Tu
Page 131 and 132:
131entering into close relationship
Page 133 and 134:
133One envelope contained several f
Page 135 and 136:
135any indications of continuous gu
Page 137 and 138:
137more and more clear, turned a de
Page 139 and 140:
139intended to monitor the border c
Page 141 and 142:
141opinion. 665 After Croatia had n
Page 143 and 144:
143Lake’s statement. 676 As a Can
Page 145 and 146:
145engage these countries, but each
Page 147 and 148:
147Later that day, Galbraith report
Page 149 and 150:
149form of photos taken by spy sate
Page 151 and 152:
151In the summer and autumn of 1994
Page 153 and 154:
153starting to have concerns about
Page 155 and 156:
155preferred provider of weapons to
Page 157 and 158:
157Because of the logistical useful
Page 159 and 160:
159An Islamic humanitarian organiza
Page 161 and 162:
161and 1 rocket launcher for a TF-8
Page 163 and 164:
163the convoys from Croatia with ar
Page 165 and 166:
165The attempt at a cover-upAs ment
Page 167 and 168:
167Force Commander and with General
Page 169 and 170:
169urging it, because they suspecte
Page 171 and 172:
171General and researcher, Brendan
Page 173 and 174:
173mm guns, 2000 pistols, 211,000 h
Page 175 and 176:
175divergent opinions on the Serbia
Page 177 and 178:
177had total freedom of movement al
Page 179 and 180:
179violations were observed. These
Page 181 and 182:
181and Jugoslavija Publik. Accordin
Page 183 and 184:
183command and the rival Iranian, S
Page 185 and 186:
185much contact with the population
Page 187 and 188:
187from the enclave a total of 140
Page 189 and 190:
189The third party country strategy
Page 191 and 192:
191the warring factions, namely tha
Page 193 and 194:
193Chapter 5The Signals Intelligenc
Page 195 and 196:
195In addition Comint can be import
Page 197 and 198:
197policymakers, however. As a resu
Page 199 and 200:
199A second disadvantage of Sigint,
Page 201 and 202:
201All efforts can of course also b
Page 203 and 204:
203125 linguists to provide transla
Page 205 and 206:
205time intercepts involved here we
Page 207 and 208:
207conclusion that the contribution
Page 209 and 210:
209happened during the Gulf War, wh
Page 211 and 212:
211The Gulf War showed that there w
Page 213 and 214:
213Despite this reservation there i
Page 215 and 216:
215The NSA and CIA, as well as GCHQ
Page 217 and 218:
217million messages, sent via Intel
Page 219 and 220:
219Zagreb, Morgan, - Svensson was o
Page 221 and 222:
221Monitoring targets in SerbiaOffi
Page 223 and 224:
223jar’, said an US intelligence
Page 225 and 226:
225Naturally the Serbs had taken pr
Page 227 and 228:
227confirmed that monitoring walkie
Page 229 and 230:
229The same month new articles appe
Page 231 and 232:
231‘They more or less admitted th
Page 233 and 234:
233have been part of a Bosnian gove
Page 235 and 236:
235get O’Grady out of Bosnian Ser
Page 237 and 238:
237as the Balkans. Two to three yea
Page 239 and 240:
239Comint archive and other archive
Page 241 and 242:
241Bokhoven Couzy supported him in
Page 243 and 244:
243communications traffic of UNPROF
Page 245 and 246:
245Moreover, the NSA is reported to
Page 247 and 248:
247The role of the Netherlands: no
Page 249 and 250:
249made by Krstic and other Bosnian
Page 251 and 252:
251messages, which were intercepted
Page 253 and 254:
253later treetops were used. Throug
Page 255 and 256:
255Conclusions on the interception
Page 257 and 258:
257equipment, planned operations, t
Page 259 and 260:
259made it impossible to follow the
Page 261 and 262:
261community that the situation was
Page 263 and 264:
263commander of the Bosnian-Serb Dr
Page 265 and 266:
265to headquarters. The Comint oper
Page 267 and 268:
267Intelligence Community had no ac
Page 269 and 270:
269aid being sent to Sarajevo. Both
Page 271 and 272:
271established in 1991, also receiv
Page 273 and 274:
273crypto telephone and fax with th
Page 275 and 276:
275to Baxter, the Military Assistan
Page 277 and 278:
277Chapter 7Imagery Intelligence in
Page 279 and 280:
2792. What instruments were availab
Page 281 and 282:
281would leave around 18 hours out
Page 283 and 284:
283and has provided policy-makers w
Page 285 and 286:
285operational in Bosnia, like the
Page 287 and 288:
287lines and troop movements. After
Page 289 and 290:
289around Sarajevo and Gorazde. Thi
Page 291 and 292:
291that especially American, French
Page 293 and 294:
293So, it would have been impossibl
Page 295 and 296:
2953. With whom was imagery intelli
Page 297 and 298:
297available. 1606 The head of the
Page 299 and 300:
299war crimes had probably been per
Page 301 and 302:
301a US national asset (unknow is w
Page 303 and 304:
303Mostar and loitered in Zepa area
Page 305 and 306:
305Albright shows the photosOn 10 A
Page 307 and 308:
307was taken some time in 1999, eve
Page 309 and 310:
309tracking the civilian toll had v
Page 311 and 312:
311solution to such problems in ad
Page 313 and 314:
313Chapter 8Was ‘Srebrenica’ an
Page 315 and 316:
315gathered intelligence, then it m
Page 317 and 318:
317the VRS attack should aim to tak
Page 319 and 320:
319In January 1995 a European intel
Page 321 and 322:
321stated that the deployment of th
Page 323 and 324: 323The Military Intelligence Servic
Page 325 and 326: 325by the Norwegian Brigadier Gener
Page 327 and 328: 327Bosnian Serbs decided that they
Page 329 and 330: 329the enclaves in the very near fu
Page 331 and 332: 331enclave was seriously confined b
Page 333 and 334: 333The VRS’s most important commu
Page 335 and 336: 335archives, together with intervie
Page 337 and 338: 337the hills and mountains along th
Page 339 and 340: 339from Sarajevo, because they were
Page 341 and 342: 341The UN headquarters in New YorkT
Page 343 and 344: 343Who did have prior knowledge? In
Page 345 and 346: 345offensive was stopped before the
Page 347 and 348: 347leadership of the Republika Srps
Page 349 and 350: 349coming 24 hours. 1963 On 11 July
Page 351 and 352: 351that it was established that the
Page 353 and 354: 353very short period: 2 to 6 July.
Page 355 and 356: 355transport VRS troops. 2006 Howev
Page 357 and 358: 357In this respect the author Russe
Page 359 and 360: 359(presumably they were referring
Page 361 and 362: 361nations and within NATO never to
Page 363 and 364: 363expectation that ‘on balance i
Page 365 and 366: 365thorny issue. A foreign intellig
Page 367 and 368: 367was a correct analysis, as was l
Page 369 and 370: 369believes any news in Sarajevo.
Page 371 and 372: 371as said before, this is not a na
Page 373: 373Chapter 9Survey of archival reco
Page 377 and 378: 377archive a number of messages fro
Page 379 and 380: 37930. Uiterweer Post Collection: n
Page 381 and 382: Bodansky, Y., Offensive in the Balk
Page 383 and 384: Halberstam, David, War in a Time of
Page 385 and 386: O.O’shea, Brendan, Crisis at Biha
Page 387 and 388: 387Woolsey, R.J., Partners for Peac
Page 389 and 390: Boyle, Alan, ‘spies in the watch
Page 391 and 392: Macdonald, Lt.-Colonel Oliver A.K.,
Page 393 and 394: 393Zumach, A. ‘US intelligence kn
Page 395 and 396: Arafat YasserAristide J.B.‘Arkan
Page 397 and 398: Felix M.C.J.Franken R.A.Franssen N.
Page 399 and 400: Makar AndjelkoMarchal LucMarguin J.
Page 401 and 402: Soljic VladimirSoubirou AndréSoyst
show all

C. Wiebes - Intelligence en de oorlog in Bosnië 1992-1995. De rol van de inlichtingen- en veiligheidsdiensten - Engels

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?