annotated bibliography of fisheries economics literature - Office of ...

the licensing program have been considered to address these problems. While
the most practical and effective of these is a system of landings royalties or
taxes on output, it remains the least politically attractive. If the British
Columbia licensing programs is to become an effective vehicle for decreasing
fishing costs and fishing capacity, some difficult decisions are required.
Frazer, Nat B. (1982). Demography of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Caretta
Caretta. Draft report, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, June.
This paper presents a methodology for computing demographic parameters
for adult loggerhead sea turtles as well as suggestions toward a methodology
for calculating age-specific survivorship of juvenile turtles in the wild.
Frazer, Nat B. (1984). A Model for Assessing Mean Age-Specific Fecundity in
Sea Turtle Populations. Draft report, Marine Policy and Ocean
Management Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA.
A model is developed to estimate mean age-specific fecundity for sea
turtle populations. Information on the numbers of eggs laid by female turtles
of known relative ages is used to estimate the mean number of eggs that will
be laid by females that are reproducing at a given age. Information about
frequencies of interseasonal nesting intervals is then used to adjust the agespecific
fecundities to reflect the substantial proportion of females for each
age class that do not reproduce in a particular season (i.e., at a particular
age). The model is developed with data collected on adult female loggerhead
turtles, Caretta caretta, nesting on Little Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA,
from 1969 through 1981. The model is applicable to species of marine and
freshwater turtles in which individual females may not reproduce each year
(i.e., at each consecutive age).
Frazer, Nat B. (1986). Survival from Egg to Adulthood in a Declining
Population of Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta Caretta. Herpetologica,
42(1):47-55.
Previous estimates of survival rates of sea turtle eggs or hatchlings to
adulthood depend upon the assumption that their populations are neither
increasing nor decreasing in numbers. The assumption is made in spite of the
fact that recent interest in sea turtle demography stems from the belief that
populations are in decline. This paper presents estimates of the survival
rate from egg to maturity necessary to maintain a populations of loggerhead
turtles, Caretta caretta, at its present observed rate of decline.
Conventional demographic equations were used along with values of adult
survivorship, fecundity and alternative estimates of age at maturity from the
literature. Results indicate that the proportion of eggs surviving to
adulthood lies between 0.0009 and 0.0018 in this declining population, as
opposed to an estimated value of 0.0025 in the unlikely event that the
population is stationary. These results suggest that previous studies have
overestimated survival of eggs or hatchlings to maturity in sea turtle
populations. The methodology may be used to assess gross survivorship from
egg to adulthood in increasing or decreasing populations of any species in
which adults and eggs are more easily studied than are juveniles.
Frazer, Nat B. and Llewellyn M. Ehrhart(1984). Preliminary Growth Models for
Green, Chelonia mydas, and Loggerhead, Caretta Caretta, Turtles in the
Wild. Draft report, Marine Policy and Ocean Management Center, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA and Department of
Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
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