dogu-turkistan-sempozyumu

Important Crossroads and the Chinese Occupation in the History of Eastern Turkistan / Prof Alaeddin YalcinkayaKhan. The Muslim Turks in Eastern Turkistan suffered greatly during the era ofJagatai Khan and other shaman Khans. However, this suffering came to an endwhen Mubarek Shah took all of Eastern Turkistan completely under his control.The Jagatai Khanate was divided into two in 1340, into the Eastern and theWestern parts. Tugluk Tamburlaine, the Eastern Jagatai Khan who governed theeast of the Pamir Mountains, (1359-1370) re-united the Jagatai Khanate duringhis reign. 7Nevertheless, Tamburlaine, who was in the service of the Samarqand Amir,took advantage of the lack of authority that was caused by the weakening of theJagatai Khanate, and seized control of the neighboring provinces, establishingthe Tamburlaine State in 1370. He took control of all of Turkistan over a veryshort period of time and included many other states into his borders. When hedied in 1405, the state lost all the territories other than that of Turkistan. EasternTurkistan remained under the rule of the Tamburlaine State until the death ofUluğ Khan. Although there was no longer a formal Jagatai state, the khans whowere descendents from this family continued to rule Eastern Turkistan. The khansthat ruled Eastern Turkistan until the early 17 th century were from the Jagataifamily; that is namely Abdülkerim Khan and later his brother Muhammed Khan.In this era, struggles and conflicts among the sons of Genghis and Tamburlaine,as well as the neighboring Turkic states often had an effect on Eastern Turkistan.This was a glorious period in terms of science and culture, if not in terms ofpolitical unity and hegemony outside the region; many great people were educatedin the realms of science and culture. The period from the early 17 th century to theChinese occupation in 1757 is known as the Era of the Hodjas.The era of the Hodjas and Chinese invasionsAbdülkerim Khan, who ruled between 1559 and 1591, invited Hodja IshakVeli, the son of Mahmud-i Azam, a great scholar from Western Turkistan, tohis country to establish unity in Eastern Turkistan. Hodja Ishak Veli traveledaround the whole of Eastern Turkistan and reminded the people that Muslimsare brothers and sisters, and invited people to unity and solidarity. Unity andsolidarity were significantly increased in the country, and this prevented thedisintegration of the state. Later, many hodjas, descendants of leading sheiks andscholars in Western Turkistan, such as Hodja Mahmud-i Azam, Hodja Ahmed293