dogu-turkistan-sempozyumu

East Turkistan Kazakh Independence Movements in the 20 th Century / Dr Meryem HakimKazakhs in East Turkistan. Due to the atrocities of the Chinese governors, causedby taxation and political and military oppression, the Kazakhs lost their oncepeacefulenvironment. The Kazakh elites, who reacted against the oppressiveregime, were severely punished; these events have gone down in history as crimesagainst humanity.Boke Batur, who started the first struggle against Chinese oppression inthe late nineteenth century in Tibet, has been a symbol of struggle for Kazakhsand is a famous hero in East Turkistan; he passed away in 1904. 4 The name ofBöke Batur gained importance due to the fact that the Chinese administrationtreated the people in the region with unprecedented oppression. Böke went tothe Tibetan region accompanied by 4,000 Kazakh nomads who had been livingaround Urumchi, the capital city of East Turkistan; he passed away here and hisbody was buried in Tibet. His body was exhumed by the Chinese and his headwas ripped from his body and exhibited on a stake on a street in Urumchi.Another atrocity carried out by the Chinese administration in the region tookplace in the city of Sarsumbe in the Altai region in 1929. Zuvha Batur of theKerey-Iyteli clan, who fought against Chinese oppression in Altai and Urumchi,was killed in 1929 and his head was also exhibited on a stake on the Black Bridgein the city of Sarsumbe. In 1931, returning back from the upland meadows early,Jantaylak, the leader of the Kerey-Jantekey-Bazarkul clan, was suspected ofhaving migrated to another place and as a result was assassinated by the Chinese.After this tragic event, Zayip, another leader of the Bazarkul clan, migrated tothe Borda region and Barkol, along with 1,000 families. Serifhan Tore 5 , a Kazakhnoble who lived in the Altai region in East Turkistan, started an insurgenceagainst the Chinese administration along with the Kazakh leaders in the Altairegion in 1933. Moreover, insurgences had already begun in the southern parts ofEast Turkistan under the leadership of Hodja Niyaz and Yolbars Beg, who wereUyghur leaders in East Turkistan supported by the Chinese Muslims in 1931. ElipKamisbayoglu, the leader of the Kerey-Jantekey-Tasbiyke clan, donated cattle andsheep to this insurgence, which was led in the Barköl and Kumul regions byHodja Niyaz, Yolbars and Macunying, the Dungen leader. This donation by ElipKamısbayoglu attracted the wrath of the new governor of Urumchi, Shing Si Sey,and soldiers from Urumchi murdered Elip Kamısbayoglu in his house in DuvanHadi (Elip Shapkan), as well as 60 other people from his friends and family. The385