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The Role of the International Community in East Turkestan / Prof Dru C. Gladneymost active information and advocacy groups in the Washington, D.C. area is theUighur American Association, which has been chaired by Alim Seytoff and TurdiHajji. 41 Founded like many advocacy groups in the late 1990s, it supports variouspublic lectures and demonstrations to further raise public awareness regardingUighur and Xinjiang issues. The Uighur Human Rights Coalition (www.uighurs.org), which is located near the Georgetown University campus, tracks humanrights issues and has organized several demonstrations and conferences in theWashington, DC metro area; originally very active in pushing for the release ofRabia Kadir. 42 One of the earliest Uighur advocacy organizations established inthe U.S. in 1996 was the International Taklamakan Human Rights Association(ITHRA, www.taklamakan.org), whose president is Ablajan Layli Namen Barat.They maintain the active list-serve, UIGHUR-L, as well as list-serv coveringevents in Inner (Southern) Mongolia, SMONGOL-L. In Europe, most Uighurorganizations are concentrated in Munich, where the largest number of Uighurémigrés live; among these are the Eastern Turkestan (Uighuristan) NationalCongress (www.eastturkistan.com), with Enver Can as president, the EastTurkestan Union in Europe led by Asgar Can, the Eastern Turkestan InformationCenter (www.uygur.org) led by Abduljelil Karakash, which publishes the onlinejournal, The World Uighur Network News, and the World Uighur YouthCongress (www.uighurinfo.com) chaired by Dolqun Isa. In Holland there is theUighur Netherlands Democratic Union (UNDU), led by Bahtiyar Semsiddin andthe Uighur House chaired by Shahelil. The Uighur Youth Union in Belgiumis chaired by Sedullam and the Belgium Uighur Association chaired by SultanEhmet. In Stockholm, Sweden the East Turkestan Association is chaired by FarukSadikov, while in London there is the Uygur Youth Union UK chaired by EnverBugda. In Moscow the Uighur Association is chaired by Serip Haje and in Turkeyorganizations include the East Turkestan Foundation led by Mehmet Riza Bekin,the East Turkestan Solidarity Foundation, led by Sayit Taranci (both in Istanbul)and the East Turkestan Culture and Solidarity Association, led by AbubekirTurksoy in Kayseri; in Canada the Canadian Uighur Association is based inToronto and chaired by Mehmetjan Tohti.I In Australia the Australian TurkestanAssociation is located in Melbourne and is chaired by Ahmet Igamberdi, while inKazakstan there are several organizations based in Almaty listed on the internet,but they are difficult to contact in the region, having met with recent government485