dogu-turkistan-sempozyumu

FREEEAST TURKISTAN SYMPOSIUMthis pipeline -as well as many smaller and less costly ones- would not be possiblewithout foreign participation. Hence, the “new Great Game” between China andCentral Asia involves many more players than the largely three-way Great Gameof the nineteenth century. Yet these new international corporate forces do notsupersede local ethnic ties and connections that extend back for centuries.There is a risk that unrest in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region couldlead to a decline in outside oil investment and revenues, with such interestsalready operating at a loss. Exxon once reported that its two wells struck in thesupposedly oil-rich Tarim basin of southern Xinjiang came up dry, with the entireregion yielding only 3.15 million metric tons of crude oil, only a small fractionof China’s overall output of 156 million tons. The World Bank lends over US$3 billion a year to China, investing over US$ 780.5 million in 15 projects in theXinjiang Region alone, with some of that money allegedly going to the XinjiangProduction and Construction Corps (XPCC), which human rights activist HarryWu has claimed employs prison laogai labour.It is clear that ethnic separatism or Muslim complaints regarding Chinesepolicy will have important consequences for China’s economic development ofthe region. Tourists and foreign businessmen will certainly avoid areas with ethnicstrife and terrorist activities. China will continue to use its economic leveragewith its Central Asian neighbours and Russia to prevent such disruptions. China’ssecurity measures and development investment have insured a decade of peace inthe region since the troubles of the 1990s, and this has dramatically assisted tradeand investment in the region. The question then becomes, if China’s developmentpolicies have been so successful, why are the Uighurs still restive?Landlocked Central Asia and Xinjiang lack the road, rail and pipelineinfrastructure needed to increase economic co-operation and foreign investmentin the region. Oil and gas pipelines still pass through Russia, and road and raillinks to other points are inadequate. A new highway is planned between Kashgar,Xinjiang, to Osh, Kyrgyzstan, to facilitate trade in the area. At the same time,China is planning a new rail link between Urumqi and Kashgar. New links fromCentral Asia could follow several routes west through Iran and Turkey, or Georgiaand Azerbaijan, to the Black Sea or the Mediterranean; south through Iran tothe Persian Gulf or through Afghanistan and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea, or478