Microsoft Sharepoint Products and Technologies Resource Kit eBook

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1002 Part IX: Maintaining a Server in Windows SharePoint Services SharePoint Products and Technologies comes with several Web Parts that users can use right away, and many more are available in the online Web Part gallery. For more information about these Web Parts, see Chapter 31. Several other software vendors offer free or commercial Web Parts that you can use. In addition, you can create your own Web Parts using Visual Studio .NET, which is the topic of this chapter. Every Web Part derives from the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.WebPart class. Because the Web Part base class derives from System.Web.UI.Control, every Web Part is a Microsoft ASP.NET Web control. This means Web Parts, like all controls, participate in page rendering, property settings, post-back events, and state management. Placing Web Parts Web Part Pages Web Parts can be placed on Web Part Zones. A Web Part Zone is a server control that derives from the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.WebPartZone class. Web Part Zones are located on a Web Part Page, and every Web Part Zone can contain one or more Web Parts. At this point, you might assume that every Web Part should be placed within a Web Part Zone, which is not the case. Placing a Web Part within a Web Part Zone has its advantages. By doing this, you tap into the power of the customization and personalization services offered by the SharePoint framework, discussed in Chapter 23, “Personalization Services in SharePoint Products and Technologies.” You can also place a Web Part on a Web Part Page outside of a Web Part Zone. The advantage of doing this is that you ensure the properties of such a Web Part are static. Because the Web Part properties cannot be customized or personalized, the Web Part will always have the same set of properties. The properties of a static Web Part are not stored in the database but rather in the page itself. Finally, because a Web Part is an ASP.NET Web control, it can also be used outside a Web Part Page as a standard Web form control. A Web Part can be placed directly on any .aspx page in the same way as you would with any other custom control. Essentially, this is the very similar to placing a Web Part outside a Web Part Zone. Every SharePoint site consists of Web Part Pages. A Web Part Page is a special type of Web page that can contain one or more Web Part Zones. Every Web Part Page derives from the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.WebPartPage class, which in turn is derived from the System.Web.UI.Page class. When working with Web Part Pages it’s important to realize that a Web Part Page can be in one of two states: ghosted or unghosted. This concept can be confusing when you’re new to SharePoint Products and Technologies, but basically, ghosted pages are Web Part Pages that are stored on the file system, and unghosted pages are stored in the SharePoint database.
Chapter 37: Using Visual Studio .NET to Create Web Parts 1003 Ghosted pages are all Web Part Pages that are rendered from the root virtual directory main application root and its subfolders, as well as Web Part Pages stored in SharePoint document libraries. Ghosted pages do not include pages that come from the child virtual directories _layouts and _vti_bin. Examples of ghosted pages are the default home page and the new Web Part Pages. A ghosted page becomes unghosted once the page or one of its properties has been modified, for example, using Microsoft FrontPage 2003 or Web folders. The state of a Web Part Page has significant consequences during Web Part Page rendering. Web Part Page Rendering In a SharePoint Products and Technologies environment, each page request that hits Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is handed over to the ASP.NET HTTP pipeline. The HTTP pipeline is a chain of managed objects that sequentially processes the request and makes the transition from a URL to plain HTML text. At installation time, the SharePointHandlerFactory registers itself as the IHttp- Handler for all .aspx requests. This association between types of resources and types of handlers is stored in the configuration file of the SharePoint site. More exactly, the default set of mappings is defined in the section of the Web.config file. The line below illustrates the code that defines the HTTP handler for .aspx resources once Windows SharePoint Services is installed. The SharePointHandlerFactory IHttpHandler requires that all page requests are Web Part Pages, that is, that they derive from the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages. WebPartPage class. The line below shows the @Page directive that ensures that the Web page is a Web Part Page. If the @Page directive is missing, it defaults to a Web Part Page type and the request is passed to the Web Part infrastructure for rendering. Any requests whose @Page directives identify Web Part Page types are also passed to the Web Part infrastructure. If an @Page directive identifies a page that is not a Web Part Page, the following error is returned: “To run as a WebPartPage, this page must derive from a class which is derived from the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.WebPartPage object.” Once the request is passed to the Web Part infrastructure, Windows SharePoint Services determines whether the page is ghosted or unghosted. For ghosted pages, the request is handed off to the ASP.NET infrastructure for rendering; otherwise, the
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iv Contents at a Glance Part VIII S
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vi Contents 2 Installing Windows Sh
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viii Contents 5 SharePoint Portal S
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x Contents Highly Available Medium
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xii Contents 13 Installing and Conf
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xiv Contents 18 Managing SharePoint
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xvi Contents Incremental (Inclusive
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xviii Contents Part VIII Securing S
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xx Contents 29 Usage Analysis Tools
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xxvi Contents 42 Upgrading and Migr
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xxviii Acknowledgments Shawn Baden,
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xxx Acknowledgments I’d also like
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Microsoft
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Microsof
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