Microsoft Sharepoint Products and Technologies Resource Kit eBook

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98 Part II: SharePoint Products and Technologies Architecture Back-End Databases Whether a separate SQL Server or WMSDE is used, the back-end server in Windows SharePoint Services creates and uses back-end databases. The purpose of having two database types is to separate the site data from the configuration information. A database that contains site data is called a content database, while product information and settings are contained in what is called a configuration database. There can be a single content database in a small environment, but in a large environment there can be hundreds or even thousands of content databases. No matter how many content databases exist in a Windows SharePoint Services farm, there is only one configuration database. Configuration Database In a Windows SharePoint Services environment, there can be multiple front-end Web servers that contain several websites whose content is stored in one of a number of back-end content databases. To keep the front-end Web servers stateless, a centralized database is needed to keep track of which content database holds the data for a specific site. When a front-end Web server receives a request for a page from a site, the first connection it must make is to this configuration database. For performance reasons, this information is cached on the front-end Web server for subsequent requests and the cached information is used by the front-end Web server thereafter. Content Database Content databases provide content to the front-end Web servers when it is requested. All site content—including site documents, list data, Web Part properties, as well as user names and rights—are stored in content databases. You can create as many content databases as needed to support the websites on your servers. This can range from just one to thousands, depending on the number of users. Physical Configurations With the split of front-end and back-end services, administrators now have the flexibility to configure Windows SharePoint Services in several ways. By providing any configuration from a single server to a server farm, Windows SharePoint Services can scale to suit small to large organizations. An organization with fewer users can start with a single-server installation of Windows SharePoint Services. This means that both the front-end and back-end components are installed on the same physical server. In this configuration, WMSDE can be used for the back-end databases instead of SQL Server. If the number of users in an organization grows enough to require a physical separation of front-end and back-end components, the WMSDE databases can be migrated to SQL Server. To do
Chapter 4: Windows SharePoint Services Architecture 99 this requires several steps and the use of IIS, Windows SharePoint Services, and SQL Server administration tools, but it can be done. A server farm in Windows SharePoint Services can have identically configured front-end Web servers that all connect to the same configuration database. Load-balancing software such as Network Load Balancing (NLB) or load-balancing hardware can ensure that client requests are evenly distributed among the front-end Web servers. This not only distributes the load among several front-end Web servers, but it also allows them to provide failover for each other. IIS Services Used by Windows SharePoint Services Virtual Servers Windows SharePoint Services works only with a specific set of software. This software includes Windows 2003 as the operating system with IIS and ASP.NET installed on the front-end servers. Back-end components require a separate installation of SQL Server 2000 or WMSDE. WMSDE is included as part of Windows SharePoint Services. Windows SharePoint Services relies on several services that are provided by IIS for its Web services. Figure 4-2 shows the architecture of how IIS handles Web requests before Windows SharePoint Services is installed. F04XR02 Figure 4-2 Figure displaying required software and underlying services needed by Windows SharePoint Services front-end Web servers IIS uses virtual servers to give websites administrative, security, and resource boundaries. The default virtual server installed by IIS is named Default Web Site and is located at the \inetpub\wwwroot folder. Windows SharePoint Services uses virtual servers provided by IIS to host its websites. Application Pools Windows 2003 IIS Virtual Servers Authentication Application Pools ASP.NET Application pools were introduced as part of IIS 6. Each application pool is an isolated set of worker processes in which Web applications are run. This means that different application pools use separate processor and memory resources. An application pool is also a security boundary because each application pool requires its own set of credentials on the server. Windows SharePoint Services uses IIS application pools for handling resource allocation in its websites.
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iv Contents at a Glance Part VIII S
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vi Contents 2 Installing Windows Sh
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viii Contents 5 SharePoint Portal S
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x Contents Highly Available Medium
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xii Contents 13 Installing and Conf
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xiv Contents 18 Managing SharePoint
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xvi Contents Incremental (Inclusive
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xx Contents 29 Usage Analysis Tools
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xxii Contents Advanced Customizatio
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xxvi Contents 42 Upgrading and Migr
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xxviii Acknowledgments Shawn Baden,
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xxx Acknowledgments I’d also like
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Microsoft
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Microsof
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scope The range and depth of a sear
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