952 CAPÍTULO 13 Funciones de varias variablesEn los ejercicios 51 a 56, encontrar el (los) punto(s) sobre lasuperficie en la cual el plano tangente es horizontal.En los ejercicios 57 y 58, demostrar que las superficies son tangentesa cada una en el punto dado para demostrar que lassuperficies tienen el mismo plano tangente en este punto.En los ejercicios 59 y 60, a) demostrar que las superficies intersecanen el punto dado y b) demostrar que las superficies tienenplanos tangentes perpendiculares en este punto.61. Encontrar un punto sobre el elipsoide dondeel plano tangente es perpendicular a la recta con ecuacionesparamétricas62. Encontrar un punto sobre el hiperboloidedonde el plano tangente es paralelo al plano67. Investigación Considerar la funciónen los intervalosa) Hallar un conjunto de ecuaciones paramétricas de la rectanormal y una ecuación del plano tangente a la superficie enel punto (1, 1, 1).b) Repetir el inciso a) con el puntoc) Utilizar un sistema algebraico por computadora y representargráficamente la superficie, las rectas normales y los planostangentes encontrados en los incisos a) y b).68. Investigación Considerar la funciónen los intervalosa) Hallar un conjunto de ecuaciones paramétricas de la rectanormal y una ecuación del plano tangente a la superficie enel puntob) Repetir el inciso a) con el puntoc) Utilizar un sistema algebraico por computadora y representargráficamente la superficie, las rectas normales y los planostangentes calculados en los incisos a) y b).69. Considerar las funcionesya) Hallar un conjunto de ecuaciones paramétricas de la recta tangentea la curva de intersección de las superficies en el punto(1, 2, 4), y hallar el ángulo entre los vectores gradientes.b) Utilizar un sistema algebraico por computadora y representargráficamente las superficies. Representar gráficamente larecta tangente obtenida en el inciso a).70. Considerar las funcionesya) Utilizar un sistema algebraico por computadora y representargráficamente la porción del primer octante de las superficiesrepresentadas por f y g.b) Hallar un punto en el primer octante sobre la curva interseccióny mostrar que las superficies son ortogonales en este punto.c) Estas superficies son ortogonales a lo largo de la curva intersección.¿Demuestra este hecho el inciso b)? Explicar.En los ejercicios 71 y 72, probar que el plano tangente a la superficiecuádrica en el puntopuede expresarse en la formadada.71. Elipsoide:Plano: x 0xa 2 y 0yb 2 z 0zc 2 1x 2a 2 y2b 2 z2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 gx, y 22 1 3x2 y 2 6x 4y.f x, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4ygx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 4 2 3 , 32 , 3 2 . 2,2 , 1 2 .In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3f x, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2f x, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCAS1, 2, 4 5.In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASf x, y 4xyx 2 1y 2 1In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASDesarrollo de conceptos63. Dar la forma estándar de la ecuación del plano tangente auna superficie dada poren64. En algunas superficies, las rectas normales en cualquier puntopasan por el mismo objeto geométrico. ¿Cuál es el objetogeométrico común en una esfera? ¿Cuál es el objeto geométricocomún en un cilindro circular recto? Explicar.65. Analizar la relación entre el plano tangente a una superficiey la aproximación por diferenciales.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .Fx, y, z 0In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2f x, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASPara discusión66. Considerar el cono elíptico dado pora) Encontrar una ecuación del plano tangente en el punto(5, 13, –12).b) Encontrar ecuaciones simétricas de la superficie normalen el punto (5, 13, –12).In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2f x, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTSCASCASCASCAS1053714_1307.qxp 10/27/08 12:09 PM Page 952In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCASIn Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsfx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeWRITING ABOUT CONCEPTSCASCASCAS1053714_1307.qxp 10/27/08 12:09 PM Page 952In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 14x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several VariablesCASCAS1053714_1307.qxp 10/27/08 12:09 PM Page 952In Exercises 51–56, find the point(s) on the surface at which thetangent plane is horizontal.51.52.53.54.55.56.In Exercises 57 and 58, show that the surfaces are tangent toeach other at the given point by showing that the surfaces havethe same tangent plane at this point.57.58.In Exercises 59 and 60, (a) show that the surfaces intersect atthe given point, and (b) show that the surfaces have perpendiculartangent planes at this point.59.60.61. Find a point on the ellipsoid where thetangent plane is perpendicular to the line with parametricequationsy62. Find a point on the hyperboloid where thetangent plane is parallel to the plane67. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).68. Investigation Consider the functionon the intervalsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the normal line and anequation of the tangent plane to the surface at the point(b) Repeat part (a) for the point(c) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surface, the normallines, and the tangent planes found in parts (a) and (b).69. Consider the functionsy(a) Find a set of parametric equations of the tangent line to thecurve of intersection of the surfaces at the point ,and find the angle between the gradient vectors.(b) Use a computer algebra system to graph the surfaces.Graph the tangent line found in part (a).70. Consider the functionsy(a) Use a computer algebra system to graph the first-octantportion of the surfaces represented by and(b) Find one first-octant point on the curve of intersection andshow that the surfaces are orthogonal at this point.(c) These surfaces are orthogonal along the curve of intersection.Does part (b) prove this fact? Explain.In Exercises 71 and 72, show that the tangent plane to thequadric surface at the pointcan be written in thegiven form.71. Ellipsoid:Plane: x 0xa 2y 0 yb 2z 0 zc 2 1x 2a 2 y 2b 2 z 2c 2 1x 0 , y 0 , z 0 g.fgx, y221 3x 2 y 2 6x 4y.fx, y 16 x 2 y 2 2x 4y1, 2, 4gx, y 2x y.f x, y 6 x 2 y 2 423 , 3 2 , 3 2 .2, 2 , 1 2 . 0 y 2 .3 x 3fx, ysen yx1, 2,45 .1, 1, 1 .0 y 3.2 x 2fx, y4xyx 2 1 y 2 1x 4y z 0.x 2 4y 2 z 2 1z 3 2t.x 2 4t, y 1 8tx 2 4y 2 z 2 94x 2 y 2 16z 2 24, 1, 2, 1x 2 y 2 z 2 2x 4y 4z 12 0,z 2xy 2 , 8x 2 5y 2 8z 13, 1, 1, 22, 3, 3x 2 y 2 2z 7,x 2 y 2 z 2 8x 12y 4z 42 0,1, 1, 0x 2 y 2 z 2 6x 10y 14 0,x 2 2y 2 3z 2 3,zxy1x1yz5xyz 4x 2 4xy 2y 2 8x 5y 4z x 2 xy y 2 2x 2yz 3x 2 2y 2 3x 4y 5z 3 x 2 y 2 6y952 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables63. Give the standard form of the equation of the tangent planeto a surface given byat64. For some surfaces, the normal lines at any point passthrough the same geometric object. What is the commongeometric object for a sphere? What is the commongeometric object for a right circular cylinder? Explain.65. Discuss the relationship between the tangent plane to asurface and approximation by differentials.x 0 , y 0 , z 0 .F x, y, z 0WRITING ABOUT CONCEPTS66. Consider the elliptic cone given by(a) Find an equation of the tangent plane at the point(b) Find symmetric equations of the normal line at thepoint 5, 13, 12 .5, 13, 12 .x 2 y 2 z 2 0.CAPSTONECASCASCASCAS
SECCIÓN 13.7 Planos tangentes y rectas normales 95372. Hiperboloide:Plano:73. Demostrar que todo plano tangente al conoz 2 a 2 x 2 b 2 y 2pasa por el origen.74. Sea f una función derivable y considérese la superficiez xf yx. Mostrar que el plano tangente a cualquier puntoPx 0 , y 0 , z 0 de la superficie pasa por el origen.75. Aproximación Considerar las aproximaciones siguientes parauna función f x, y centrada en 0, 0.CASAproximación lineal:P 1 x, y f 0, 0 f x 0, 0x f y 0, 0yAproximación cuadrática:P 2 x, y f 0, 0 f x 0, 0x f y 0, 0y 12 f xx0, 0x 2 f xy 0, 0xy 1 2 f yy0, 0y 2[Observar que la aproximación lineal es el plano tangente a lasuperficie en (0, 0, f (0, 0)).]a) Hallar la aproximación lineal a f x, y e xy centrada en(0, 0).b) Hallar la aproximación cuadrática a f x, y e xy centradaen (0, 0).c) Si x 0 en la aproximación cuadrática, ¿para qué función seobtiene el polinomio de Taylor de segundo orden? Responderla misma pregunta para y 0.d) Completar la tabla.e) Utilizar un sistema algebraico por computadora y representargráficamente las superficies z ƒ(x, y), z P 1(x, y) y z P 2(x, y).76. Aproximación Repetir el ejercicio 75 con la función ƒ(x, y) cos (x + y).77. Demostrar que el ángulo de inclinación del plano tangente a lasuperficie z f x, y en el punto x 0 , y 0 , z 0 está dado porcos x 2a 2 y2b 2 z2c 2 1x 0 xa y 0y2 b z 0z2 c 1 2x y f x, y P 1 x, y P 2 x, y0 00 0.10.2 0.10.2 0.51 0.51[ f x x 0 , y 0 ] 2 [ f y x 0 , y 0 ] 2 1 .78. Demostrar el teorema 13.14.PROYECTO DE TRABAJOFlora silvestreLa diversidad de la flora silvestre en una pradera se puede medir contandoel número de margaritas, lirios, amapolas, etc. Si existen ntipos de flores silvestres, cada una en una proporción p irespecto a lapoblación total, se sigue que p 1 p 2 . . . p n 1. La medidade diversidad de la población se define comoH np i log 2 p i .i1En esta definición, se entiende que p i log 2 p i 0 cuando p i 0.Las tablas muestran las proporciones de flores silvestres en unapradera en mayo, junio, agosto y septiembre.MayoTipo de flor 1 2 3 4Proporción5 5 5 116 16 16 16JunioTipo de flor 1 2 3 41 1 1 1Proporción 4 4 4 4AgostoTipo de flor 1 2 3 4101 1Proporción 44 2SeptiembreTipo de flor 1 2 3 4Proporción 0 0 0 1a) Determinar la diversidad de flores silvestres durante cada mes.¿Cómo se interpretaría la diversidad en septiembre? ¿Qué mestiene mayor diversidad?b) Si la pradera contiene 10 tipos de flores silvestres en proporcionesaproximadamente iguales, la diversidad de la población¿es mayor o menor que la diversidad de una distribución similarcon 4 tipos de flores? ¿Qué tipo de distribución (de 10 tipos deflores silvestres) produciría la diversidad máxima?c) Sea H n la diversidad máxima de n tipos de flores silvestres.¿Tiende a algún límite cuando n → ?H nPARA MAYOR INFORMACIÓN Los biólogos utilizan el conceptode diversidad para medir las proporciones de diferentes tipos deorganismos dentro de un medio ambiente. Para más informaciónsobre esta técnica, ver el artículo “Information Theory and BiologicalDiversity” de Steven Kolmes y Kevin Mitchell en la UMAP Modules.
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