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Histoire de l'internationalisme

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L'ÉPOQUE DES RÉVOLUTIONS<br />

<strong>de</strong>s quakers aux Indiens ; dans sa vie privée Benezet était absten-<br />

tionniste, et plus tard il <strong>de</strong>vint aussi végétarien. D'une façon générale,<br />

on peut dire que la conception <strong>de</strong> vie <strong>de</strong> Benezet <strong>de</strong>vait <strong>de</strong>venir celle<br />

<strong>de</strong>s pacifistes anglo-saxons au XIX ^ siècle. Par la parole et par les<br />

actes il travailla en faveur d'une réconciliation <strong>de</strong>s peuples. En 1755 il<br />

s'occupa <strong>de</strong> quelques-uns <strong>de</strong>s habitants français <strong>de</strong> Nova-Scotia qui<br />

avaient été expulsés par les autorités britanniques. Au cours <strong>de</strong>s événements<br />

qui <strong>de</strong>vaient amener la rupture avec l'Angleterre, il essaya<br />

d'exercer son influence sur les hommes poUtiques américains en faveur<br />

d'un règlement pacifique. Dans une lettre en date <strong>de</strong> 1774 il décrit<br />

<strong>de</strong> la façon suivante ses conversations avec les membres du congrès :<br />

,, Patrick Henry gave some attention when I mentioned from<br />

vvhence I apprehen<strong>de</strong>d we must look for <strong>de</strong>liverance even from God<br />

alone ; by pursuing such methods as should be most agreeable to nature,<br />

of the Bénéficient Father of the Family of Mankind, whose love and<br />

regard to his children, even to such as were influenced by wrong dis-<br />

positions, remained unchangeable ; that we could not conciliate the<br />

Divine regard but by acting agreeable to the Divine attribute which<br />

was love, and was to overcome by suffering : That whatever wound<br />

might be given or received between us and the mother country, if ever<br />

that which was right prevailed we shall mutually mourn over, that<br />

as Christianity knows of no enemies, we could not expect <strong>de</strong>liverance<br />

by the violent method proposed without <strong>de</strong>parting from the true<br />

foundation. To this with seriousness he replied, that it was strange<br />

to him to find some of the Quakers manifesting a disposition so différent<br />

from that I had <strong>de</strong>scribed ".*<br />

En 1776, Benezet publia plusieurs pamphlets contre la guerre et les<br />

adressa à <strong>de</strong>s hommes d'Etat américains et étrangers (entre autres à<br />

Frédéric II). Dans une lettre jointe à un <strong>de</strong>s pamphlets (,, Thoughts<br />

on war ") et adressée à Henry Laurens (qui l'année suivante assuma<br />

les fonctions <strong>de</strong> prési<strong>de</strong>nt du congrès continental) il déclarait : ,, How<br />

far, as followers of a Saviour who enjoins us to love one another, even<br />

to love our enemies, and who finally gave his life for our salvation, we<br />

can readily continue in a war, where by so many thousands and tens<br />

of thousands of our fellowmen equally with ourselves the objects of<br />

358<br />

' GEonGE Brookes, Friend Anthony Bonczot. Pliiladclutiia 1937, p. 126.

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