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Actas <strong>do</strong> 7.º Encontro Nacional / 5.º Internacional <strong>de</strong> Investigação<br />

<strong>em</strong> Leitura, Literatura Infantil e Ilustração<br />

Braga: Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>Minho</strong>, Outubro 2008<br />

Palavra e Ilustração <strong>em</strong> Diálogo: <strong>de</strong>sambiguan<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong>ícticos no<br />

espaço enunciativo <strong>de</strong> As Aventuras <strong>de</strong> Pinóquio <strong>de</strong> Carlo Collodi<br />

Alcina Sousa<br />

Universida<strong>de</strong> da Ma<strong>de</strong>ira<br />

ninita@uma.pt<br />

Resumo<br />

Nesta comunicação será apresenta<strong>do</strong> um levantamento <strong>de</strong> alguns referentes textuais, mais<br />

recorrentes na narrativa, através <strong>do</strong> recurso à linguística <strong>de</strong> corpus, e analisar <strong>de</strong> que forma estes são<br />

<strong>de</strong>sambigua<strong>do</strong>s pelas ilustrações, sobretu<strong>do</strong> nas versões <strong>de</strong> Pinóquio, abreviadas e adaptadas,<br />

algumas das quais à primeira infância, caracterizadas pre<strong>do</strong>minant<strong>em</strong>ente pelo recurso a frases<br />

simples e compostas, à parataxe (mais próximas <strong>do</strong> discurso oral), e ao suporte visual, tratan<strong>do</strong>-se,<br />

pois, <strong>de</strong> textos <strong>de</strong> natureza multimodal (Kress e van Leeuwen 2001). Serão analisadas as adaptações<br />

abreviadas <strong>de</strong> Pinóquio, na versão inglesa da colecção Ladybird Books (1987), na versão bilingue<br />

(português/inglês) da Walt Disney (tradução <strong>de</strong> Teresa Carvalho e Rui Gue<strong>de</strong>s; com ilustrações <strong>de</strong><br />

Belén Avelar, Isabel Romero e Ruan Rosco), publicada <strong>em</strong> 1996, e na versão portuguesa (trad. Maria<br />

João Rodrigues), publicada pela colecção Everest Editora, <strong>em</strong> 2002. A par da activação <strong>de</strong> mapas<br />

conceptuais e s<strong>em</strong>ânticos, que norteia toda a narrativa, a interpretação <strong>do</strong>s referentes textuais parece<br />

facilitada pelo recurso à linguag<strong>em</strong> não verbal, à imag<strong>em</strong>, <strong>de</strong> natureza mais imediata, que leva o<br />

alocutário para o <strong>do</strong>mínio da acção por simulação, ao transportar-se ele próprio para o <strong>do</strong>mínio <strong>do</strong><br />

imaginário. A análise da coerência inter-s<strong>em</strong>iótica, com um enfoque no diálogo estabeleci<strong>do</strong> pela<br />

palavra e pela imag<strong>em</strong>, levou a propostas <strong>de</strong> <strong>leitura</strong> activa e criativa da narrativa, nomeadamente<br />

pela alternância dinâmica <strong>de</strong> focalização, a qual é possível <strong>de</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntificar a partir <strong>de</strong> coor<strong>de</strong>nadas<br />

textuais percepcionadas pelos leitores. Por outras palavras, vários tipos <strong>de</strong> linguag<strong>em</strong>, verbal e não<br />

verbal, interag<strong>em</strong> no plano textual, pelo que facilitam a compreensão da mensag<strong>em</strong> por parte <strong>do</strong>s<br />

leitores.<br />

Abstract<br />

It is the purpose of this paper to collect some <strong>de</strong>ictic references, which are most recurrent in the<br />

narrative, by means of corpus analysis, and consi<strong>de</strong>r how these are disambiguated by illustrations,<br />

mainly in the adapted versions of Pinocchio, simplified and adapted ones, some of which to rea<strong>de</strong>rs in<br />

the pre-operational stage. These are mainly characterised by the resource to simple and compound<br />

sentences, i.e. parataxis (closer to spoken discourse), and the visual support, being, therefore,<br />

multimodal texts (Kress e van Leeuwen 2001). The simplified and adapted versions un<strong>de</strong>r scope are:<br />

Pinocchio, in its English version of the Ladybird Book collection (1987), in its bilingual version<br />

(Portuguese/English) by Walt Disney (translated by Teresa Carvalho and Rui Gue<strong>de</strong>s; and illustrated<br />

by Belén Avelar, Isabel Romero and Ruan Rosco), issued in 1996, and in its Portuguese version<br />

(2002, translated by Maria João Rodrigues) issued by Everest Editora in 2002.<br />

Both the activation of s<strong>em</strong>antic and conceptual mappings, guiding the whole narrative process, and<br />

the interpretation of the <strong>de</strong>ictic references, se<strong>em</strong> facilitated by the resource to non-verbal language,<br />

images/illustrations, thus fostering immediacy. This leads the addressee to the level of action by<br />

simulation, when he/she is him/herself thrown into the imaginary dimension. The analysis of inters<strong>em</strong>iotic<br />

coherence, with a focus on the dialogue between the word and the image, has led to<br />

interactive and creative readings of the narrative, namely by shifting but dynamic focalisation, which is<br />

likely to be i<strong>de</strong>ntified upon the <strong>de</strong>ictic references perceived by rea<strong>de</strong>rs. In other words, several types<br />

of language, verbal and non-verbal ones, interact on the textual level, thereby facilitating rea<strong>de</strong>rs’<br />

comprehension of the message.<br />

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