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de Investigadores em leitura - Universidade do Minho

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Actas <strong>do</strong> 7.º Encontro Nacional / 5.º Internacional <strong>de</strong><br />

Investigação <strong>em</strong> Leitura, Literatura Infantil e Ilustração<br />

Braga: Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>Minho</strong>, Outubro 2008<br />

Formulación <strong>de</strong> expectativas y paratextos: motivación y guía para<br />

el lector en formación<br />

Antonio Men<strong>do</strong>za Fillola<br />

Universidad <strong>de</strong> Barcelona<br />

amen<strong>do</strong>zaub@mail.com<br />

Resumo<br />

Des<strong>de</strong> el planteamiento <strong>de</strong>l enfoque interactivo <strong>de</strong> lectura y <strong>de</strong> la concreción <strong>de</strong> facetas <strong>de</strong><br />

metacognición lectora, la formulación <strong>de</strong> expectativas se muestra como una clave esencial para guiar<br />

al lector en el avance <strong>de</strong>l texto. Estimular la formulación <strong>de</strong> las expectativas <strong>de</strong> anticipación, iniciales<br />

y genéricas, resulta un procedimiento <strong>de</strong> motivación, que a su vez se <strong>de</strong>sarrolla a través <strong>de</strong> distintas<br />

estrategias. Entre éstas, los reconocimientos <strong>de</strong> distintos tipos <strong>de</strong> referentes - t<strong>em</strong>áticos, discursivos,<br />

literarios, intertextuales - generan una incipiente interacción con las posibles aportaciones <strong>de</strong>l lector,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> su competencia lecto-literaria, sus experiencias lectoras y su intertexto lector. Esta ponencia<br />

presenta la motivación <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> la activación <strong>de</strong> referentes <strong>de</strong>l lector y recoge el análisis <strong>de</strong> distintos<br />

ej<strong>em</strong>plos y propuestas para estimular su implicación, a partir <strong>de</strong> claves <strong>de</strong> reconocimiento y <strong>de</strong><br />

relación intertextual.<br />

Abstract<br />

From the theoretical perspective of interactive reading and of reading metacognition, the formulation of<br />

expectations has been shown to be essential in guiding the rea<strong>de</strong>r’s advancing through the text. The<br />

encourag<strong>em</strong>ent of the formulation of expectations, initial and general, turns out to be a process of<br />

motivation, which, in turn, <strong>de</strong>velops through different strategies. Among these, the recognition of<br />

different types of referents - th<strong>em</strong>atic, discursive, literary, intertextual – <strong>do</strong> generate a beginning<br />

interaction with the potential contributions of the rea<strong>de</strong>r from his reading and literary competence, his<br />

reading experiences and intertexts. This paper presents the motivation from the perspective of the<br />

activation of rea<strong>de</strong>r’s referents and it inclu<strong>de</strong>s the analysis of various examples and proposals to<br />

encourage his involv<strong>em</strong>ent from the keys of recognition and intertextual relationship.<br />

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