Azərbaycanın dövlət rəmzlərinə və atributlarına dair məqalələr

Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin İşlər İdarəsininPREZİDENT KİTABXANASI──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────roads to attack Iberia and Albania in 65 and 36 BC respectively. Strabo records that the peoples on the northcoast of the Caspian Sea traded with India and Babylon. The sea was another trading route and ancient sourcesfrequently mention the Caspian.A Greek inscription in the village of Boyuk Dahna near Sheki is proof of links between the ancientRoman world and Albania. Eli Yason dedicates the inscription to his patron. Research has shown that Eli Yasoncame to Albania to trade. The interest in the east shown by merchants from the Roman Empire may havelaunched the major trading routes.Excavations in Karabakh have yielded plenty of imported glassware, coins and gems, yellow sea shells,earrings and beads, bronze lamps and silver dishes which are all evidence of trade. They show that CaucasianAlbania had trading links with the west and east as well as Parthia. Traders travelled along the Parthian andAtropatena highways.Albania at its heightIn the 4th to 7th centuries Caucasian Albania covered a large territory. It was bordered by the GreaterCaucasus Mountains in the north, the Araz River in the south, the Caspian Sea in the east and Iberia (the easternpart of today's Georgia) in the west.Albania had 11 regions or vilayats: Chola, near what is now Derbent in southern Dagestan, which was thefirst residence of the head of the Albanian Church, the Catholicos; Lipina, the area south of the Samur River;Cambissena near the border with Iberia; Qabala which was the first capital of Albania; Ajary, south of Qabala;Sheki which included the modern-day Balakan, Zaqatala and Sheki regions; Paytakaran, also known asCaspiana or Balasakan, which are today the Mil and Mugan plains in central Azerbaijan; Uti, which was laterthe capital of Albania and the residence of the Albanian Catholicos, also known as Partav and today Barda;Girdman, the area bordering Iberia; Artsakh, modern-day Mountainous Karabakh and part of the Mil plain;Syunik also known as Sisian and Zangazur which are now in southern Armenia.Karabakh was the area between the Kur and Araz rivers, which included the Albanian regions of Uti,Girdman, Sakasen, Artsakh, Syunik and Paytakaran, the Albanian capital Barda, and the rulers' summerresidence Khalkhal.Both nomadic and settled tribes lived in Albania and the Caucasus as a whole. Turkic tribes were part ofthe ethnic mix of Karabakh in the 4th-7th centuries. During this period there was assimilation between local andincoming tribes in Karabakh with Turkic tribes forming the majority.Karabakh becomes a trading centreIn the 4th to 7th centuries the Karabakh population were mainly settled farmers. The land was fertile andwell irrigated by rivers and canals. Wheat, barley and millet were cultivated. Albanian historian MoiseyKalankaytuklu wrote in his Albanian History that horticulture, and in particular melon-growing, were developedin Karabakh. Grapes, cherries, pomegranates, walnuts, olives and saffron were also cultivated and the plantmadder was processed here to produce red dye. Animal husbandry, fish-breeding and sericulture were alsopractised at this time.Karabakh became a centre for handicrafts in the early Middle Ages, too: potters, jewellers, weavers, glassblowers, blacksmiths, stonemasons, wood-turners and other craftsmen plied their trade here. They werecompeting for business with Asia Minor. Local craftsmen and traders formed towns in Karabakh and other partsof the Kingdom of Albania, which became social and political centres. The towns housed administrativebuildings and palaces and were surrounded by fortress walls. The most famous were Qabala, Chola, Barda,Paytakaran, Amaras and Tsiri.Trade was highly developed in Karabakh during this period. Internationally important roads passedthrough the South Caucasus, connecting its cities with the Silk Road from the Far East to Europe. Karabakh'stowns devel- 1 oped links with a great number of west-ern and eastern craft and trade centres through the KurRiver and the Caspian Sea. Coins from Sassanian Persia, Byzantium and elsewhere, found in Karabakh, areevidence of the region's broad trade links.Albanian language544