Azərbaycanın dövlət rəmzlərinə və atributlarına dair məqalələr

Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin İşlər İdarəsininPREZİDENT KİTABXANASI──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────The Albanian language was rich in guttural sounds and had its own alphabet, consisting of 52 signs. Somereligious literature was translated from ancient Aramaic, Greek and Pahlavi into Albanian. Albanian KingVachagan Ill's laws and Moisey Kalankatuklu's Albanian History are the two most prominent extant works inthe Albanian language.In the early 5th century on the orders of King Vachagan III a school was opened in the Albanian capitalBarda, where Buddhist children were taught literacy and Christianity.ChristianityChristianity reached Albania, including Karabakh, at the beginning of the 4th century and became theofficial religion. The church was governed by a Church Assembly, which involved the king, church leaders,priests and the nobility. The head of the Church Assembly was the Catholicos.From the 5th century onwards the central province of Albania, Karabakh (Uti), became the kingdom'spolitical, economic and cultural centre. In 446 the capital city of Albania was moved from Qabala to Barda. TheAlbanian kings had to fight off foreign attackers, but managed to protect their independence. King Vachagan III(487-510) strengthened the role of Christianity to bolster his government. During Vachagan Ill's reign, in 488,the Albanian Laws were written in Albanian as a foundation of the country's political and religious life. In 552the residence of the Albanian church leader, the Catholicos, was moved to the capital Barda.In the 6th century Albania became a theatre of war among the Persian Sassanian Empire, Byzantium andthe Kingdom of the Khazars. The Sassanian Empire and Byzantium agreed a treaty in 591 under which Albaniawas governed by a local dynasty under the rule of the Shahanshah or Sassanian Shah. Albania, includingKarabakh (with its regions of Uti, Paytakaran and Artsakh) became part of the northern province (janishinlik) ofthe Sassanian Empire.In the early 7th century (603-629) a fresh war between the Sassanian and Byzantine empires badlydamaged towns and villages in Albania, including the capital Barda. The Albanian ruler Javanshir signed atreaty with the Byzantine emperor, Tiberius II Constantine, to save the country's political and economic powerand avoid a senseless war.Later, realising that Byzantium was now weak, Javanshir adopted Arabian guardianship over Albania in667. In this way he managed to retain a degree of independence for Albania and protected it from armed attackand plunder. Javanshir maintained the development of the economy, craftsmanship and culture in Albania. Itwas on his instructions that Moisey Kalankatuklu wrote the Albanian History. Javanshir also valued poetry,architecture and music and Karabakh and its capital Barda became an important cultural centre of Albaniaduring this period.As a result of Arab aggression, in the 7th century the southern part of Azerbaijan (modern-day northwesternIran) became part of the Arabian Caliphate, while Albania became a vassal of the Caliphate.A new religion, Islam, spread in Karabakh at this time. Most of the population became Muslim, while asmall minority retained their Christian faith. Taking advantage of the situation, the head of the ArmenianChurch, Catholicos Ilya, betrayed the Albanians, convincing the Caliph, Abdulmalik, that the ChristianAlbanians were planning a rebellion against him. Rather than get to the root of the problem, the Caliph had theAlbanian ruler and Albanian Catholicos executed, abolished the Albanian state and subordinated the AlbanianChurch to the Armenian Church. This began a process in which the Albanians of Upper or MountainousKarabakh lost their Albanian identity and became Armenian. The population of Mountainous Karabakh knewabout their Albanian roots until the 19th century.WarIslamPart of the Caliphate545