Grænser for ansvar - Susanne Holmström

for “all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based;
companies, whose actions it seeks to inform; labor, in whose hands the concrete process of global produc-
tion takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and the
United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum”(mf):
UNs Global Compact
The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument or code of conduct, but a value-based platform designed to promote
institutional learning. It utilizes the power of transparency and dialogue to identify and disseminate good practices
based on universal principles. Why should business participate in this initiative? Because as markets have gone
global, so, too, must the principle and practice of corporate citizenship. In this new global economy, it makes good business
sense for firms to internalize these principles as integral elements of corporate strategies and practices. (…) The
Global Compact is not a substitute for effective action by governments, but an opportunity for firms to exercise leadership
in their enlightened self-interest. (…) All participants are expected to become public advocates for the Global
Compact and its nine principles. Advocacy can take many expressions, including in mission statements, annual reports,
newsletters and similar public venues.
Citat 63: FNs generalsekretær Kofi Annan fremlagde Global Compact i en tale til World Economic Forum i 1999 som
en udfordring til ”world business leaders to help build the social and environmental pillars required to sustain the new
global economy and make globalization work for all the world's people” (UN-Global-Compact 2001) mf.
I “enlightened self-interest” møder vi igen forestillingen om et skæbnefællesskab i forskelligheden. FNs høj-
kommissær for menneskerettigheder taler tilsvarende økonomiens sprog og gør menneskerettigheder til et
spørgsmål om bundlinien:
Twenty years ago few companies had environmental policies. Today the environment is unquestionably a mainstream
business issue. So it should be with human rights. Having a strong human rights policy and a sound implementation strategy
is about risk management and reputation assurance. Human rights is a bottom-line issue.
Citat 64: (Robinson 2000) mf.
OECD-Forum etableres i 2001 som en institutionalisering af en såkaldt multistakeholder-dialog om demokra-
tisk governance generelt og bæredygtig udvikling i globaliseringens æra:
Through partnerships, civil society, enterprises and government at different levels work together to design area-based
strategies, adapt policies to local conditions and take initiatives consistent with shared priorities. OECD Forum established
in 2001[as a] multi-stakeholder dialogue.(...) Through partnerships, civil society, enterprises and government
at different levels work together to (...) take initiatives consistent with shared priorities. (...) Well-designed consultation
and participation processes are important to democratic governance in general, and especially important for sustainable
development. This is because of the cross-cutting nature of the problem, and because non-public entities are increasingly
becoming involved in the implementation of goals in the environmental and social area.
Citat 65 Uddrag af (OECD 2001) mf.
Op gennem 90erne gror stadig flere organisationer frem med den opgave at konstruere, fremme og gennem-
føre de ny diskurser om erhvervslivets ansvar i både lokalsamfund og verdenssamfund. I januar 2002 listes
følgende organisationer som iagttagere på feltet af Amnesty International med især blikket på det sociale
aspekt 113 :
Politiske organer: Den Europæiske Union, International Labour Organisation – ILO, The Organisation of Economic Cooperation
and Development - OECD, The United Nations and Business, UNICEF; UN Global Compact: FNs højkommissariat
for menneskerettigheder NGO’er og andre: AccountAbility - Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability: Organisation
der står bag udformningen af processtandarden AA10001;Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP) og Fair Labor Association
(FLA): Et partnerskab mellem beklædnings- og skovirksomheder, menneskerettighedsgrupper, arbejdstagerorganisationer,
religiøse organisationer, advokater og universiteter. Formålet med initiativet er at sikre at, forbrugsvarer ikke
bliver lavet under uacceptable vilkår. Business for Social Responsibility (BSR): Organisation baseret i USA, som til-
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