GUIDE TO THE PHILOSOPHY 1938 - 1947.pdf - Rare Books at ...

669 ETHICS AND POLITICS: THE MODERNS
end in itself. It is true that by invoking the principles of
die idealist theory of the State an endeavour is made to
show that in subordinating: himself to the State the
individual is realizing his true nature. But Fascism would
not, I imagine, m*^ta^ that any gristing State is an ideal
one and the theory, it will be remembered, 1 asserts that
it is only in the State as such, that is to say, in the ideal State,
that localization of the self's true nature through subordination
to the State is achieved. In practice the subordination
of the individual becomes a subordination to the State for
tkt s*b of 0* Stote. "All individuals or groups," says
Mussolini, "are relative, only to be conceived of in their
relation to the State." The end of the individual is, then,
to be found only in the end of the State. What, then,
is the end of the State? Mussolini answer* by bluntly
that the fascist State is "an embodied will to
announcing
power and government";
it is in the interests of this
"embodied will" that Fascism considers itself entitled to
subordinate the individual to the State. Over whom are
the "power and government" exercised? Over other
States abroad and over the mass of inferior individual*
at home. Thus the evolution of powerful individuals in
the community of individuals and of powerful nations in
the community of nations it the ultimate end to the
pursuit of which everything else must be subordinated.
Books
A&utry of Fascism.
PLATO. The Republic, especially Bodes VIII and IX.
MACHIAVELU, NICCOLO. The Prince.
MANDEVILLE, BERNARD. The Fable of the Bees.
FICHTE. Popular Writings of Fichtc (translated by Wiilkxn Smith).
CASLYLE, THOMAS. Past and Present.
NnrrzftcsK, F. Beyond Good and Evil; Thus Spake Zatmthustra.
Fttcitm.
ODON FOR, Fascism.
VILLARI, L. The Fascist Experiment.
BAKNBS, J. S. Fascism (Home University Library).
PnouARi. The Italian Corporative State.
* See Chapter XV, p. fat.