Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

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Step 6 The two molecules
of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
O H
are oxidized. The
C
energy-generation phase of
glycolysis begins, as NADH and
a new high-energy anhydride
H C OH
linkage to phosphate are
formed (see Figure 13–5).
CH 2 O P
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
+ NAD + + P i
+
H
O
C
C
O
OH
CH 2 O P
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
P
NADH
+ H +
Step 7 The transfer
to ADP of the
high-energy phosphate
group that was
generated in step 6
forms ATP.
O
H
O P
C
C OH
CH 2 O P
+
ADP
phosphoglycerate kinase
O O –
H
C
C OH
CH 2 O P
+
ATP
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
Step 8 The remaining
phosphate ester linkage in
3-phosphoglycerate,
which has a relatively low
free energy of hydrolysis,
is moved from carbon 3
to carbon 2 to form
2-phosphoglycerate.
H
O O –
1
2
3
C
C
CH 2 O
OH
P
3-phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate mutase
O O –
H
C
C O P
CH 2 OH
2-phosphoglycerate
Step 9 The removal of
water from 2-phosphoglycerate
creates a high-energy enol
phosphate linkage.
O O –
H
C
C O
P
enolase
O O –
C
C O
P
+
H 2 O
CH 2 OH
2-phosphoglycerate
CH 2
phosphoenolpyruvate
Step 10 The transfer to
ADP of the high-energy
phosphate group that was
generated in step 9 forms
ATP, completing
glycolysis.
O O –
C
C O
CH 2
P
+ ADP +
H +
pyruvate kinase
O O –
C
C O
CH 3
+
ATP
phosphoenolpyruvate
pyruvate
NET RESULT OF GLYCOLYSIS
CH 2 OH
O
O O –
C
C O
HO
OH
OH
OH
ATP
ATP
NADH
NADH
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
CH 3
O O –
C
C O
glucose
In addition to the pyruvate, the net products are
two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH.
CH 3
two molecules
of pyruvate