Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

Index I:29
lateral diffusion in bilayers 570, 588, 589F
lateral inhibition 867, 868F, 1151–1152,
1174F, 1178–1179
Notch mediated 1171–1173,
1224–1225
latrunculin 904, 906
Lck protein kinase 862, 1332, 1337F
LDLs (low-density lipoproteins) 733–734
LDV sequence (Leu-Asp-Val) 1075
leading strand, defined 242
“leaky scanning” 348, 424
lectin pathway, complement system
1302–1303
lectins
carbohydrate layer affinity 582
in cell recognition 575–576
ER chaperones as 685–686
export from ER 711–712, 720
mannose-binding lectin (MBL) 711,
1301, 1302F
receptors as PRRs 1300
selectins as 1054, 1312
LEF1/TCF transcription regulator 870F,
871
Lefty protein 1168
Legionella (L. pneumophila) 739, 1284F,
1285–1286
Legionnaire’s disease 1263, 1285
Leishmania (L. tarentolae) 804, 1284F,
1286F
leptin genes 219–220F
leptotene 1006, 1007F
Let7 gene 1180–1181
lethal mutations 487, 488, 491, 496
leucine-rich repeats 1299–1300
leucine structure 113
leukemias
acute lymphocytic leukemias 1117
Bcl2 overproduction and 1246–1247
as cancers of white blood cells 1092
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
1093–1095, 1135–1136
leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1076T,
1077
leukocytes see white blood cells
LeuT protein 604F
lever arm, myosin 916, 917F, 925F
LFA1 (α L β 2 integrin) 1055F, 1076T, 1077
Lgr5 gene 1221–1223, 1224F
LHC (light-harvesting complexes/antenna
complexes) 788–789, 794F
licensing, of replication origins 974–975
life, origins of 362–366
ligand-gated channels 614, 629, 636
ligand-modulated transcription regulators
874–876, 877F
ligands
binding and allostery 152–153
binding and linkage 151
binding and RTK dimerization 851
defined 134
in extracellular signaling 815–816
see also binding sites
light chains
dyneins 937
immunoglobulin 1316, 1317F, 1318,
1319F, 1320–1322, 1323F
kinesin 936, 939
myosin (MLC) 915–916, 922, 957,
958F, 997
light-driven cation channels 623
light-driven proton pumps 586–588, 602F,
606
light microscopy
asymmetric cell division 1002F
bright- and dark-field 533–534, 535F
confocal microscopes 540–542, 544F
continuing utility 529
differential-interference-contrast
microscopy 533–535, 560F,
1002F, 1202F
image deconvolution 540, 542
image enhancement 534–535
of living cells 533–534
of mitochondria 756, 802
multiphoton imaging 542
plant cell in telophase 1000F
resolution 530–532
sister chromatid separation 992F
specimen preparation 535–536
stains for 529, 535, 536F
superresolution techniques 549–554
three-dimensional imaging 540, 541F,
542, 550F, 553F
typical design 531F
see also fluorescence microscopy
light reactions 783–785, 787F, 793
light-sensitive phytochromes 883–885
lignin 1082–1083
Lin4 gene 1180–1181
Lin14 gene 1181F
Lincoln, Abraham 1066
LINEs (long interspersed nuclear
elements) 218F, 291
linkage and ligand binding 151
linkage tetrasaccharides 1059
linker DNA in nucleosomes 187–188
linker histones (histone H1) 192–193,
1252
linker proteins
in cartilage 1061F
cytoskeleton 948–949, 959
lipid anchors 577–578, 593
see also GPI-anchors
lipid bilayers 99, 566–576
assembly in the ER 689–691
association of membrane proteins
with 576–577
asymmetry 573–574, 590, 681, 690
composition and its effects 571T
deformation by membrane-bending
proteins 573–574
domains 572–573
electrochemical gradients 612
flip-flops between monolayers
570–588
as fluids/solvents 569–573, 588
fusion 708F
lateral diffusion in 570, 588, 589F
membrane transport proteins in 597
osmium tetroxide binding 555
overview 99, 566–576
as self-sealing 568, 569F
small molecule diffusion across 598
spontaneous assembly 566
spontaneous formation 9, 568–569
synthetic 569–571, 597–598
lipid droplets 573
lipid kinases 574
lipid rafts/raft domains 572, 573F, 575,
590, 689, 749–750
caveolae from 731, 750
lipids
as amphiphilic 566
density in cell membranes 566
dolichol as 684
fatty acids and 98
lipoprotein production in smooth ER 670
liposomes 569–570, 572F, 585
lissencephaly 939
Listeria (L. monocytogenes) 423F,
914–915, 953, 1281, 1284, 1287,
1288–1289F
listeriolysin O 1284
lithotrophic organisms 11, 12F, 13, 14F
liver
carcinogen activation by 1128
conversion to nerve cells 396, 397F
glucocorticoid response 372
hepatocyte renewal 1226–1227
hepatocytes and I-cell disease
728–729
membrane enclosed organelles 643T,
644F
peroxisomes 667F
protein abundances in brain and 372F
size regulation 1022
urea cycle 760
vasopressin-induced Ca 2+ oscillations
840F
liver cancer and hepatitis viruses 1132
liverworts 806F
living cells
bilayer formation and 569
light microscopy of 533–534,
538–539, 541F, 542–546
monitoring ion concentrations
546–547
lncRNAs see long noncoding RNAs
local mediators, cell signaling 815
localization
auxin transporters 883
protein machines 164
loci, defined 486
logic functions
AND logic 521–522, 523F
AND NOT logic 521–522
logic operations see switches
long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)
conserved sequences producing 225
function 305T, 435–436
in imprinting 409
Xist as 411
loop structures
chromatin 207–208, 211–212
DNA looping 383–384, 385F, 386, 391
ion channels 618
see also feedback loops
loss-of-function mutations
defined 487
disease predisposition and 494
following gene duplication 228–229
Lin14 gene 1181F
tumor suppressor genes and 1104
as typically recessive 489
Ubx genes 1162F
loss of heterozygosity 281
Lou Gehrig’s disease 947
low complexity domains 132–133
low-light photography 534
lox sites 496–497
LPSs (lipopolysaccharides) 1267, 1269
LRP (LDL-receptor-related protein)
870–871
Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.