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Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

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I:24 Index

guanylyl cyclase 844, 846–847

guide RNAs 328, 329F, 429, 435, 497–498

gut lining see small intestine

H

H + see proton

HaeIII nuclease 465. 468F

Haemanthus 992F

hair cells, auditory 560F, 619, 890, 924,

1171, 1189

as non-renewable 1227

hairpin helices, DNA 246, 247F

hairpin helices, RNA 307, 326

Hairy protein (Drosophila) 422F

half-lives

actin filaments 896–897, 906, 919

connexins 1052, 1053F

extracellular, of nitric oxide (NO) 847

and time to steady state 826, 827F

Halobacterium salinarum 587, 588F

handedness of helices 124–125

haploid-diploid cycle 4860

haplotype blocks 492–494

HARs (human accelerated regions) 226

HATs (histone acetyl transferases) 196

HDACs (histone deacetylase complexes)

196, 201, 390, 1257

HDL (high-density lipoproteins) in

nanodiscs 586

head and tail polymerization 72–73, 340

heart attacks

apoptosis and 1031–1032

muscle replacement by scar tissue

1247

muscle replacement by

transdifferentiation 1258

heart muscle

actin and myosin isoforms 923

actin and myosin mutations 948

effects of acetylcholine 843

effects of cyclic AMP 835

localization of mitochondria 755, 756F

myosin II in 916–918

transdifferentiation of fibroblasts 1258

heart muscle cells 1233F, 1247,

1258–1259

heart tissue morphogenesis 1059

heat

generation by brown fat 780

release by biological reactions 61, 65,

76, 102

heat shock proteins

hsp60 355–357, 662

hsp70 355–357, 659–662, 683, 702

as molecular chaperones 355

heavy chains

dynein 938F, 942

immunoglobulin 118F, 1316–1318,

1320–1322

kinesis 936

myosin (MHC) 915, 923, 958F

Hedgehog genes 1160–1161F

Hedgehog pathway 1150, 1154, 1160

Hedgehog proteins 871–873, 1160

see also Sonic hedgehog

helicase loaders 255, 256F

helices

closed ring alternative 124

collagen triple helix 124–125, 1061,

1070

cytoskeletal filaments 893–894

DNA double helix 3F

handedness 124–125

microtubules 926

reasons for abundance 124

S4 helix 622

see also α-helices; double helix

Helicobacter pylori 1129F, 1132, 1263,

1265, 1277

helix-loop-helix motifs 377, 1171

helix-turn-helix motifs 376

helper T cells (T H cells)

B cell activation 1316–1317, 1320,

1322–1323, 1335

CD4 expression on 1331–1332, 1335

co-stimulatory proteins/signals 1314

cytotoxic T cells and 1333

effector helper T cells 1326, 1335,

1338F

follicular helper T cells 1336

HIV invasion of 1332

macrophage activation 1335

possible differentiation 1335–1336

presentation of peptide-MHC

complexes 1130, 1327F, 1338F

T cell classes 1325

hematopoiesis 1241, 1243F

hematopoietic cell survival 1246–1247

hematopoietic progenitor cells 1243,

1245–1246

hematopoietic stem cells 1239,

1242–1243, 1308

hematoxylin 535, 536F

heme group

biosynthesis 760

in cytochrome c 766

and iron, in hemoglobin 147F, 148

hemichannels (connexons) 1051–1052

hemidesmosomes 893F, 946, 947F, 1036,

1076

hemoglobin

expression in blood cells 371

fetal 229

heme groups in 147F, 148

interspecies comparisons 37F

as a multisubunit protein 123

see also globins

hemophilia 291, 300F

heparan sulfate 871, 1058, 1060F, 1073,

1151, 1279

hepatitis-B and -C viruses 1129–1130,

1132

hepatitis delta virus 5F

hepatocytes, I-cell disease 728–729

Her2 protein 1137

Herceptin ® 1137

hereditary cancers 282–282, 1107–1108

hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

(HNPCC) 250, 1124–1125

heredity

as characteristic of life 2

DNA and the mechanism of 174,

177–178

epigenetic inheritance 194

hermaphroditism, C. elegans 33, 1180F,

1194

herpes viruses/herpes simplex virus

1273T, 1279, 1286, 1288

Hes genes 1178

heterochromatin

around centromeres 432–433

in cancer cells 1097, 1109

and euchromatin 194

and gene silencing 206–207

localization 211–212

pericentric heterochromatin 204F

RNA interference and 432–433

in X-inactivation 410

see also HP1

heteroduplex DNA 278, 280F, 284–286

heterokaryons 444F, 588

heterophilic binding 1039F, 1055, 1056F

heterotypic membrane fusion 712

heterozygosity, loss of 281

hexokinase specificity 141

HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) 1073

HHV-8 human herpesvirus 1132

HId protein 1029–1030

HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors) 1191,

1237

high-mannose oligosaccharides 717,

718F

Hill coefficients 517–518

HindIII nuclease 465–466F

Hippo pathway 1197

hippocampus

LTP (long-term potentiation) 636–637

microtubule-associated proteins 932F

neuron turnover rate 1250

histamine 742, 1239, 1241T, 1317

histidine

chlorophyll–protein complex 787–788

metal-ion binding 450

structure 112

histone acetylases 202

“histone code” 198

histone demethylases 196, 201, 1257F

histone folds 188, 189F

histone H1 (linker histone) 192–193, 1252

histone methyl transferases 196, 390,

1257F

histone modification factors 1257F

histone-modifications, chromatin

immunoprecipitation 505

histone-modifying enzymes

and transcription activators 386

in transcription initiation 313

in X-inactivation 411

histone octamers 188, 189F, 261, 976

histone proteins, in nucleosome 187–188

histone tail side chain modifications

196–197

histone tails, N-terminal 189F, 190

in chromatin compaction 193F

inheritance of specific modifications

205F

meaning of specific modifications

200F

in nucleosome stacking 192

histone variants

fibroblast reprogramming and 1257F

histone variant H3.3 205–206

incompatibility of methylation and

acetylation 207

site-specific insertion 198

histones

and non-histone proteins 187

nuclear reprogramming 1252–1253

separation from samples 440

side-chain modifications 196–197

synthesis and the cell cycle 261

Histoplasma capsulatum 1272

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