Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:12 Index
lymphoid and myeloid 1243
compact bone 1230–1231
comparative genomics 218, 482, 1269F
compartmentalization see organelles
compartments, maintenance of diversity
697–710
complement system
alternative pathway 1302–1303
classical pathway 1302–1303, 1318T
early complement components
1302–1303
immunoglobulin activation 1317
inactivation 1303
and the inflammatory response 1241,
1303
late complement components 1303
lectin pathway 1302–1303
and phagocytosis 740, 1302–1303
complementary DNA see cDNA
complementation tests 487, 490
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase
complex) 767–770, 769F
Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase)
767–768F, 772–773, 775
complex oligosaccharides 717–718
complexins 745
compression resistance 1036F, 1082,
1084F
computer analogy, cell signaling 831
computer models see models
(simulations)
computer techniques
need for quantitative analysis 38
protein structure displays 117
in proteomics 167
in structured illumination microscopy
550
concentration gradients
driving passive transport 599
germ cell migration 1186F
morphogens 1158, 1165–1166F, 1200
signal molecules in development
1151
concentration thresholds, signalprocessing
827–831
condensation reactions
as energetically unfavorable 66
formation of macromolecules by 49,
71F
hydrolysis as the reverse 49F
powered by ATP 65–66, 70–73
condensins 209F, 215, 979–982
conditional mutations 487, 489
confluence 1098
confocal microscopy 540–542, 544F, 546,
724F, 800F, 875F
conformational changes
actin filament elongation 902
in allosteric enzymes 151
in AP2 adaptor protein 700
in calmodulin 840
complement system 1303F
in dyneins 938F
generating movement 160–163
in GPCRs 833
in integrin activation 1077–1078
in ion channels 618, 630
in kinases 835
in myosin 916
retinoic acid activation 877F
in RTK activation 851
in SecA ATPase 677
in transcription elongation 312
in transcription initiation 307
in transporters 599, 601, 607
virus entry 1281
conformations
and energy 114
of macromolecules generally 49, 50F
of proteins 110
see also protein structure
conjoined twins 1167
conjugation, and horizontal gene transfer
1268
connective tissues
collagens in 1061, 1063–1064
derivation from extracellular matrix
1035, 1228
fibroblasts in 1057F, 1228
myoblast patterning 1185
connexins 1051, 1052F
connexons (hemichannels) 1051–1052
conoids 1282, 1283F
consensus nucleotide sequences
marking introns 319F
for RNA splicing 319
in transcription 308, 311F, 325F
in translation 348
consensus recognition sequences 348
conservative site-specific recombination
292–295
conserved DNA
coding 1149
multispecies conserved sequences
225–226
noncoding 224–225, 1149
X-chromosome sample 300F
conserved genes 15–16, 216–217
biochemical importance 21–22
common to all domains 20, 21T
eukaryotic cell cycle 32
conserved proteins
actin as 898
in apoptosis 1025
eukaryotic cell cycle 966
histones as 190
Sec61 complex 676
structure 120
conserved RNA motifs 363
conserved systems
in cell polarization 956
in cell signaling 814, 852, 855, 1150,
1154
cytochrome c oxidase 771F
cytochrome c reductase 769
in early development 1166–1167
Hox complex serial gene expression
1164
N-linked glycosylation 719
signal-recognition particles 673–674,
675F, 677–680
constant region, Ig light and heavy chains
1318–1319
constitutive secretory pathway 741, 742F,
746
contact-dependent signaling 814, 815F,
867
contact inhibition 1098F
contractile rings
in cell division 890, 892F
in cytokinesis 924, 996–1001
septins and 949
in telophase 981
contrast enhancement 534–535
convergent extension 1188, 1189F
Coolair RNA 1183
cooperative allosteric transition 152–153
cooperative binding
by repressors and activators
516–517, 519
transcription regulators 378–380
coordination
of cell growth and cell division 1018
of multiple cell signaling responses
825
COPI-coated vesicles
budding from the Golgi apparatus
698, 713F
COPII and 697
GTPase control 703
interaction with ER retrieval signals
713–714
vesicle transport model 721
COPII-coated vesicles
budding from the ER 698, 711
COPI and 697
formation 704F
GTPase control 703, 705–706
procollagen packaging 704, 705F
protein packaging 711
uncoating coupled to delivery
706–707
copper
in ethylene receptors 881
ions, in cytochrome c oxidase 771F
corrals 593
cortical cytoskeleton 591–593
cortical rotation 1156, 1167
cortisol 400, 835T, 875–876
Costal2 scaffold protein 871–873
coupled reactions
energetically unfavorable reactions
60–61, 63, 76–78, 102
favorable reactions with activated
carriers 64–65
mechanical model 64F
coupled transporters 601–604
coupling
between binding sites 151–152
heat production to increasing order
53–54
transcription and excision repair 271
covalent bonds 43, 45T, 90
disulfide bonds 127
DNA-topoisomerase 252–253
double bonds 90
polar covalent bonds 56
covalent modifications
in the Golgi apparatus 716
histone amino acid side chains
196–197
post-translational protein modification
165–166
tRNAs 336
Coxiella burnetii 1284F
CpG sequences see CG sequences
CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation
specificity factor) 324–325
CRE (cyclic AMP response element) 836
Cre recombinase 496–497
CREB (CRE-binding protein) 836, 841
CreERT2 gene 1221–1222F
crescentin 897, 898F