Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

Index I:21
epigenetic inheritance and 205–206
evidence for differentiation without
gene loss 369–370
reprogramming by donor nuclei
205–206
frogs
myosin thick filaments 915, 919
neuromuscular junctions 630–631
Rana pipiens 36F
tadpole skin collagen 1063F
see also Xenopus
frontotemporal dementia 324
fructose
1, 6-biphosphate in glycolysis 75F,
104
6-phosphate in glycolysis 85F, 104
structure 96
fruit fly see Drosophila
FT (flowering locus T) gene 1183
FtsZ proteins 806, 896–897
Fuga rubripes (puffer fish) 29, 223
fumarase as a “perfect enzyme” 143
fumarate 107
functional reconstitution, membrane
proteins 585, 586F
fungi
bacterial inhibitors from 351
as eukaryotes 26–27
genetic code variation 349
Neurospora and defining the gene
416–417
pathogenic 1271–1272, 1299F
see also yeasts
fura-2 indicator 547, 839
FUS protein 133
Fused protein kinase 871–872
fusion proteins (made by fusion) 451
Cas9 with activators and repressors
497
in FRET 545
with GFP 501F, 502, 504F, 543, 589,
715F, 802–803, 884F
with red fluorescent protein 875F
fusion proteins (promoting membrane
fusion) 571, 708
G
G 0 phase
initiation factors and 424
as a resting state 965, 1012
G 1 -Cdk 972, 1012–1014
G 1 cyclins 969
G 1 phase
Cdk inactivity in 1002–1004
cell cycle position 964–965
chromosomes 486
G 2 phase, cell cycle 964
G 2 /M transition 968–970, 973, 978, 1014
G418 antibiotic 1255F
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
adrenaline effects 827, 832, 835T
bacteriorhodopsin and 588
CXCR4 as 1185
desensitization by phosphorylation
848–849
effects 818, 832
signaling overlaps with RTKs 861–862
in smell and vision 843–846
G proteins (trimeric GTP-binding proteins)
588, 820, 832–834
four major families 846T
G 12 form 843, 846T, 959F
G 13 form 846T, 959F
G i form 833F, 834, 836, 843, 846T,
848, 862, 959F, 1278
G o form 846T
G olf form 844, 846T
GPCR activation of 833F
G q form 836, 838F, 846T, 847F, 859
G s form 833F, 834, 836, 843, 846T,
848, 862
G t (transducin) 845, 846T, 848
regulation of cyclicAMP 833–834
regulation of ion channels 843
signaling via phospholipids 836–838
subunits 832–834
G 1 /S-Cdk 971, 984, 1004, 1012–1014
G 1 /S cyclins 969, 1013
γ-TuRC (γ-tubulin ring complex) 929,
930–931F, 933
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)
as an inhibitory neurotransmitter 629
receptors as drug targets 632
Gag gene, HIV 420F
GAGs (glycosaminoglycans)
as extracelluar matrix macromolecules
1057–1058
glycosaminoglycan chains 711, 719,
728
pectins as resembling 1084
in proteoglycans 1059–1060, 1061F,
1070–1071
gain-of-function mutations
in cancer 1104, 1105F
defined 487
Lin14 gene 1181F
as typically dominant 489
Ubx genes 1162F
galactocerebroside 575F
galactose 96
β-galactosidase (β-gal) 282F, 394F, 501F
galactosyltransferase 546F
galacturonic acid 1083–1084
GalS repressor protein 522
gametes
abnormal 286, 1010
defined 1004
genetic recombination with formation
231
mitochondria in 807
in plants 1183
see also eggs; meiosis; spermatozoa
ganglion mother cells 1174, 1179
gangliosides 575
gap genes 1159–1160, 1162
gap junctions
distinguished from channels 611
in epithelial cells 1036F, 1037
structure and function 1050–1053
gap phases, cell cycle 964
GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) 157,
158F
coat recruitment 703
control of GTP-binding proteins 820,
821F
Ran-GAP 653–654, 656
Ras-GAPs 855
Rho-GAPs 858
gastrula-stage embryos 36F, 205, 541,
1045, 1147–1148
Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.
gastrulation
cell adhesion and migration 1185,
1187–1188
pluripotency loss 1148
preservation of gene expression
patterns 1161, 1187
variability 1155
zebrafish 1189F
Gata4 transcription factor 1259
GATC residues, methylation 250, 251F,
257F
gated transport 646
gating
gap junctions 1052
ion channels 604, 614, 618–620, 636F
lateral gating of protein translocators
678–679
Gcn4 protein 425
GDI (Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor) 705,
706F, 707
GDIs (guanine nucleotide dissociation
inhibitor) 858
GDP (guanosine diphosphate) eIF2
binding 424
GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange
factors) 157, 158F
chromosome stabilization of
microtubules 986
coat recruitment 703
control of GTP-binding proteins 820,
821F
Rab-GEFs 706
Rac-GEFs 960
Ran-GEF 653, 656
Ras-GEFs 855, 860, 862F
Rho-GEFs 858, 958, 997
gel electrophoresis
in DNA cloning 469
DNA fragmentation in apoptosis
1024F
of DNA molecules 465–466
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 466
SDS-PAGE 452, 453F, 454, 584
two-dimensional 452–454
gel-filtration chromatography 448–449,
450F, 455
gel-forming polysaccharides 1058
gel-forming proteins 911, 957
gelsolin 905, 909–910
geminin 975
gene amplification and cancer 1107, 1111
gene control regions 384–385, 392–394
gene conversion
homologous recombination and 282,
285–286
tumor suppressor genes and 1109
gene duplication
diversification in signaling 1150
in Drosophila melanogaster 34
evolution of globins 229–230
frequency in vertebrates 34–35
as mechanism for innovation 16–18,
227–228
transporters and ion channels
603–604, 622
whole-genome duplications 35, 228
gene expression
chromatin loops and 211–212
chromatin position and 212, 213F
chromosome-wide changes 409–411
circadian clocks and 876–878