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Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

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Index I:49

tethering

by disordered regions 126

by dynamin 701

Rab effectors in 706

repair factories 213–214

by RNA polymerase II CTDs 316

TetR efflux pump 1293F

tetracysteine tags 1053F

Tetrahymena 263T, 324, 805F

tetranucleosomes 192

TFII see general transcription factors

TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)

BMPs as family members 1168

growth inhibition by 1012

induced regulatory T cells 1336

morphogen gradients 1166

myostatin as family member 1196

TGFβ/activin family 865

TGFβ signaling pathway

in cancer 1117, 1123F

in development 1150

TGFβ superfamily 865–866, 1168

TGN (trans-Golgi network) 716, 722,

727–729, 730F, 731, 736,

749–750

exocytosis and 741–744

β-thalassemia 323–324

Thale cress see Arabidopsis

thermodynamics

laws of 52–54

of living cells 53–54, 102–103

thermophilic bacteria 473F, 483, 572

thick filaments 915–916, 918–920, 923F,

936F

thin filaments 916, 918–921, 922F

third-generation sequencing methods 481

thoracic duct, lymphatic system 1236,

1312

3C (chromosome conformation capture)

method 209F, 212

three-dimensional imaging

electron microscopy 557–558, 560F

light microscopy 540, 541F, 542,

550F, 553F

3ʹ end, DNA 175, 177F, 480

threonine, structure 113

thrombin 141, 837T, 1078

thylakoid membranes 606, 658, 664–665,

783

reaction centers 783–784, 788–790,

793, 796

site of photosynthesis and ATP

generation 786–787

site of photosystems I and II 789–790

thylakoid space 783, 784F, 791–792,

793F, 794, 795F

thymidine, radioactive 1219

thymine

from deamination of 5-methlycytosine

405

DNA base pairing with adenine 176,

177F

structure 100

thymine dimers 268, 269F

thymocytes 1308F, 1332–1333, 1336

thymosin 905–907

thymus, origins of T cells 1308, 1325,

1336

thyroid hormones 835T, 874, 876, 1182

thyroxine 876F

tight junctions

in epithelial cells 1036F, 1037,

1048–1049F

permeability 1047

polarized cells 749

preventing lipid diffusion at 590

structure and function 1047–1049

tiling 1207

TIM complex (translocator of the inner

mitochondrial membrane) 659,

660F, 661–662

TIM22 659, 660F, 663F, 664

TIM23 659, 660F, 661–662, 663F, 664

Tim protein (timeless) 878

time delays, kinetic proofreading 345

time-lapse imaging 1249

fluorescence microscopy 757F, 803F,

875F, 935F, 991F, 1178

timing in embryonic development

1176–1184

Timothy syndrome 1258

tip cells, endothelial 1236–1237

TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence

microscopy) 547–548, 553F

tissue maintenance and repair 1154

independent of stem cells 1226–1227

tissue morphogenesis 1059

tissue remodeling/regeneration

1043–1045, 1071

regeneration of organs 1247

self-renewal and cancer 1120–1121

see also wound healing

tissue segregation and homophilic binding

1041

tissue specialization

duplicated genes 229

E. coli adhesins 1277

tissues

derived from ectoderm, endoderm and

mesoderm 1147, 1167

isolating cells from 440

neurotrophic factor release

1208–1209

non-renewable 1227, 1247

protein abundances in brain and liver

372F

RNAi resistant 501

self-renewing, and cancer 1120–1121

specimen preparation for microscopy

535–536

titin protein 549F, 920

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) 873, 1165,

1299–1300, 1304

TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) 128–129

TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor

family 1024

TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) 873, 1301

tobacco cells

GFP-tagged organelles 544F

vacuoles 724F

Western blotting 455F

tobacco smoking 1095, 1127–1128,

1129F

TOF (time of flight) analyzers 456F, 457

Toll gene 1158F, 1165

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 873, 1165,

1299, 1300T, 1304

Toll receptors 873, 1158F, 1165, 1299

TOM complex (translocator of the outer

membrane) 659–662, 663F, 664

tomograms 558, 559F

topoisomerases

recombinases resembling 293

superhelical tension removal 315

topoisomerase I 251–253

topoisomerase II 195F, 252–253, 977

topological relationships/equivalents

644–647

TOR (target of rapamycin) 861, 1017

mTOR 860F, 861, 864T, 1114–1115

torque, ATP synthase 777F

Torso receptors 1158F

total internal reflection fluorescence

microscopy (TIRF) 547–548

totipotency

fertilized egg 1253

totipotent cells 507, 1148, 1248

toxins

antibody response 1307

of bacterial pathogens 1270, 1278

entry points 576

G protein targets 834

and neurotransmitters 629

Toxoplasma gondii 1282, 1283F

trabecular bone 1230

trace elements 43F

tracheae and tracheoles 1191

traction, in cell migration 951, 952F, 955,

956F

trajectories of points 519–520

trans-acting epigenetic mechanisms 412,

413F

trans-acting lncRNAs 435F, 436

trans-Golgi network (TGN) 716, 727–729,

730F, 731, 736, 741–744,

749–750

trans-SNARE complexes 708

transcellular transport 605, 1047, 1048F

transcription 301–317

in bacteria and eukaryotes 306

coordination with splicing 322

direction of 309

“factories” 332

histone acetylation 202

nucleotide excision repair coupled to

271

process described 302–305, 315F,

510F

speed of 304

as templated polymerization 4

transcription activators (activator proteins)

chromatin modification 386–388

coactivators 385–386, 388–389, 392,

394, 395F

combinatorial controls 394–395

fractional promoter occupation

511–512

fusion with bacterial Cas9 497

in positive feedback 518

repressors and 381–383, 394

RNA polymerase II and 312–313

switch from repressors 868, 871

transcription attenuation 414

transcription bubbles 306

transcription circuits, as switches

402–403

transcription control

in the cell-cycle control system 971

in eukaryotes 384–392, 405

of gene expression 372, 373F

transcription elongation

accessory proteins 313–314

Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.

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