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Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

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I:16 Index

double bonds

alternating 90

cis-double bonds 566, 571

unsaturated fatty acids 98

double helix

DNA 3F, 174, 176

hydrogen bonding 175–176

as key to DNA repair 268

superhelical tension, DNA 314–315

double-negative activation 820, 821F

double-pass transmembrane proteins

679, 681F

double-reciprocal plots 143

double-strand breaks (DNA)

in cancers 1111, 1116

homologous recombination 278–279,

1116

in meiosis 282–284, 1009–1010

repair mechanisms 273–275, 497,

1323

segmental duplications from 228

topoisomerase II and 252–253

double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)

RNA interference and 431, 499–500

TLR3 recognition 1299, 1304

as viral characteristic 1304

Down syndrome 1010

doxycycline 495F

Dpp gene (Decapentaplegic) 1165–1166,

1169

Dpp signaling protein 1073

driver mutations 1104, 1112–1113, 1117,

1119F

Drosophila (D. melanogaster)

airways 1191F

alternative splicing in 415

body segmentation 1159–1163

Branchless gene 1191F

cell cycle 966

central nervous system 1179

characteristic transposon types 292

chromosome and genome sizes

33–34

circadian clock 877–878

Dlg protein discovery 165

Engrailed protein 120, 536F

Eve (even-skipped) gene 393–394,

395F

Eyeless transcription regulator

397–398F

fungal infection 1299F

gene expression by in situ

hybridization 536F

genetic switches 392–395

Hedgehog proteins in 871

homeodomain motif 376

imaginal discs 1195

insulator-binding protein 391F

mitochondrial DNA 805

as model organism 29T, 33–34, 417

mRNA localization in 422

mutant libraries 498

neurogenesis 1173–1174

Notch receptor in 867–868

P element 416, 486

photosensing neurons 1208F

polytene chromosomes 208–211,

391F, 540F

position effects in 194, 195F

RNA interference 499

Sev, Sos and Grb2 Ras-GEFs 855

shibire mutant 702F

Drosophila embryos

control of development 1157

discovery of signaling pathways 1154

germ-band extension 1045

mitosis without cytokinesis 1002,

1003F

syncytium development 1157

transcription regulators 392–395

drug discovery

computer-based 463

stem cells and 1258–1259

drug resistance

cancer treatment 1135–1136, 1139

malaria 610

multidrug resistant cancers 610

pathogens 1291–1294

see also antibiotic resistance

drug targets

antibiotics 1293F

transmitter-gated ion channels

631–632

drug treatment, predicting individual

responses 506

Dscam gene 415F, 1208F

DSCAM proteins 415, 1207

duplication in tissue renewal 1226

dwarfism, pituitary and achondroplastic

1196

dynactin 939

dynamic instability, actin 903

dynamic instability, microtubules

927–929, 935

dynamic range, intracellular signaling

824–825

dynamic systems and differential

equations 512

dynamin and dynamin-related proteins

701–702, 803, 804F, 806

dyneins 936–943, 959

axonemal dyneins 937–938, 942

cytoplasmic dyneins 937–939, 943

and the mitotic spindle 983–985

viruses and 1288

dysbiosis 1264

dyskeratosis congenita 265

dystroglycan 1070, 1071F

dystrophin 1234

E

E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme) 158,

159F

E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme)

158–159, 160F

E3 see ubiquitin ligases

early endosomes

delivery to 732–733, 738

and late endosomes 696F, 707

maturation 707, 730, 735–736

retrieval from 734–735

transcytosis and 738

EB1 proteins 935

EC (extracellular cadherin) domains 1039,

1040F

ecdysone 875

ECM see extracellular matrix

EcoRI nuclease 465–466F, 468F

ectoderm 1147–1148, 1167–1168

neurogenic ectoderm 1166,

1173–1174, 1179, 1186

eczema 947

editing pockets 339

EF-G elongation factor 343, 344F

E2F proteins 1012–1014

EF-Tu elongation factor 160–161, 163,

343–344

effector B and T cells

compared 1309

effector B cells 1309–1310,

1312–1313, 1316, 1322, 1324

effector T cells 1309–1310, 1312–

1313, 1324, 1328, 1333–1335,

1337

and immunological memory

1310–1311

in lymphocyte differentiation 1309

effector Bcl2 family proteins 1027, 1028F

effector proteins

extracellular bacterial pathogens

1269–1271, 1278, 1281–1282,

1283F, 1285–1286

in intracellular signaling 814

efflux pumps 883, 884F, 1293

EGF (epidermal growth factor)

action via receptor tyrosine kinases

850T

broad specificity 1011

production of embryoid bodies 1257F

resemblances to matrix proteins

1066F

vertebrate embryo segmentation 1178

EGF receptors

activation 851

lysosomal degradation 735

mutation in glioblastoma 1107

targeting in lung cancers 1136

egg-polarity genes 1157–1159,

1160–1161F, 1163, 1165

eggs

growth without cell division 1018

similarity of egg cells 2F

eggs, fertilized see zygotes

eicosanoids 837

eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors) 347,

348F, 423–428, 1304

eIF4E transcription initiation factor 347,

425–426, 1017

EIN3 protein 882

EJCs (exon junction complexes) 320F,

321, 352, 353F

elastase, compared with chymotrypsin

119F

elastic fibers 1065–1066

elastin

as disordered 125

in the extracellular matrix 1058,

1065–1066

electrochemical gradients

in chemiosmotic coupling 754

composed of membrane potentials

and concentration gradients

599, 662, 762–763

membrane transport and 599–600,

602, 612, 662

mitochondrial membranes 758

powering ATP synthase 774, 776

thylakoid membrane 784F

electrogenic effects 608, 615

electron carriers

NADH and NADPH as 67–68, 762

plastoquinone, plastocyanin, and

ferredoxin as 793

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