Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:32 Index
class I, recognition by NK cells
1304–1305
class I and class II 1326–1327, 1328F,
1330T
polymorphisms 1328, 1330–1331
in T-cell-mediated immune responses
1307, 1324–1339
Mia40 protein 663F, 664
micelles 99
bilayers and 568, 569F
critical micelle concentration 583,
584F
Michaelis-Menten equation 142–143
microarrays, DNA
mRNA analysis 503–504
replication studies 257, 258F
microbiota 1263–1275, 1277
microelectrodes 546
microfibrils 1065
microfilaments see actin filaments
β 2 -microglobulin 1327, 1328F, 1330T,
1339
microinjection of altered genes 495
micrometastases 1102–1103, 1120
microorganisms, preponderance 10
“microprocessor” activity of proteins
155–156
microRNAs (miRNAs)
regulatory role 429–431
timing of embryonic development
1180–1182
microscopy see AFM; electron
microscopy; light microscopy
microsomes 445, 448, 671–673
microtomes 535, 555
microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
932–934
see also centrosomes
microtubule depolymerization 990–991,
994
microtubule flux 991, 992F, 994
microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs)
891, 929–930, 931–932F, 936
microtubules
astral microtubules 982–985, 987,
992, 994, 999, 1000F, 1001–1002
building cilia and flagella 941–942
in cell migration 959–960
in cell wall orientation 1086–1087
chemical inhibitors 459, 904T
cortical arrays 1086
in the cytoskeleton 891, 925–944
drug effects 929
dynamic instability 927–929, 935, 986
fluorescence microscopy 538F, 553F
Golgi apparatus 713, 715
mitochondria and 755, 756F
mitotic spindle formation 889–890,
940–941, 982–984
motor proteins and 936–938
nulceation 929, 930F
plus and minus ends 927
severing and tubulin sequestering
proteins 935–936
subunits as asymmetrical 894
see also tubulins
microvilli 890–892, 893F, 924
midbodies 997, 998F
minor groove, DNA double helix 177F,
190, 373–374F
minus-end-binding proteins 931, 932, 934
minus-end-directed transport 937–938
miRNAs (microRNAs), function 305T,
1149
misfolded proteins see protein misfolding
mismatch proofreading 250–251, 257F
mismatch repair system
colorectal cancer, defects in 1116,
1124–1125
gene conversion from 286F
MutS in 549F
strand-directed mismatch repair 244T,
245, 250–251
mitochondria
acetyl CoA production 81–82
among intracellular compartments
642
ATP production in 774–783
ATP production in plants 81
biochemical fractionation 758
chloroplasts compared with 782–783,
797
contacts with ER 755, 757F
in cytokinesis 1001
cytoskeletal microtubule association
755, 756F
electron transport in chloroplasts and
755F
features and origins 25, 26–27F, 644,
663
heat-shock proteins 355
human mitochondrial genome
801–802F, 804–805
intrinsic activation pathway, apoptosis
1025, 1026F
junction complexes with ER 691
lipid imports 691
overview 755–763
peroxisome function and 666
protein transport into 658–664
pyruvate conversion 75, 81–82
roles in cellular metabolism 759–761
self-splicing RNAs 324
separation by centrifugation 445
site of the citric acid cycle 83
structure 658F, 757F
tobacco 544F
urea cycle 760
yeasts 451F
mitochondrial activation pathway,
apoptosis see intrinsic activation
mitochondrial carrier family 779–780
mitochondrial DNA
in different cells and tissues 802
genetic code variants 334, 349–350
location 759
mitochondrial genomes 27, 800–809
mutation effects 807–808
mutation rate 220
mitochondrial fission 755–756, 802–803
mitochondrial fusion 802–803, 804F, 808
mitochondrial membranes
inner and outer membranes 658,
663–664, 757–758
inner membrane transport proteins
779–780
proton gradient across 103
small molecule transport across 664
mitochondrial precursor proteins 659–662
mitochondrial reticulum 757F, 803, 808
mitogens
in cell division 1011–1012, 1013F
effects on G 1 -Cdk and G 1 /S-Cdk
1012–1014
response to excessive stimulation
1017F, 1114F
mitophagy 727
mitosis
cell cortex in 913
in the cell cycle 978–995
chromosome compaction in 185,
186F, 187, 215–215
chromosome painting in 180–181
comparison with meiosis 1005F
five stages of 978
M-Cdk and 978–979, 982, 985–986
nuclear envelope in 656–657
in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31
without cytokinesis 1002, 1003F
mitotic chromosomes 979F
mitotic index 966
mitotic recombination 1109
mitotic segregation in mitochondrial
inheritance 807–808
mitotic spindles
acentrosomal 987
Apc protein and 1124
assembly 984–985
in asymmetric cell division 1001–1002
bipolarity 986–987
centrosome role 930
chromosome attachment 988, 989F
disassembly 995
fluorescence microscopy 538F, 545F
forces on chromosomes 990–992
kinesins and 936
metaphase 983F
microtubules and 889–890, 940–941,
982–094
monastrol effects 460F
positioning role in cytokinesis
997–999, 1001
MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase) 922,
923F, 958F
mobile genetic elements
conservative site-specific
recombination 292–297
human genome 218F, 287, 292
transposition and 287–292
viruses as 290
model organisms
cell cycle 966
in embryonic development studies
1148
examples 29T, 33
genome sizes 28F, 29T
mutation libraries 498–499
protein-coding genes 122–123
models (protein structure) 115F, 460,
461F
models (simulations) 524, 1178
modulated repetition 1162
moiré patterns 550
mold-yeast transitions 1271
molecular clocks 220–221
molecular dynamics calculations 584F
molecular memory devices 840–841
molecular motions, speed of 59–60
molecular oxygen
in chemiosmotic coupling 754,
761–762
end of electron transport chain 767,
771