Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:28 Index
cyclic-nucleotide-gated 843–844
depolarizing and hyperpolarizing 627
G protein direct regulation 843
gating 604, 614, 618–620, 636F
ion selectivity 613–614, 617–618
mechanosensitive 619–620
paracellular pores as 1049
photosensitive 623
sequential activation in neuromuscular
transmission 632–633
ion-concentration gradients 601–604
ion-exchange chromatography 448–449,
452
ion-gated channels 614
ion pumps 164
ion-sensitive indicators 546–547
ion sources, mass spectrometry 456–457
ion torrent sequencing 481
ionotropic receptors see ion-channelcoupled
receptors; transmittergated
ion channels
ions, inorganic, inside and outside cells
598T
IP 3 see inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
IP 3 receptors (IP 3 -gated Ca 2+ -release
channels) 837–840
ipilimumab 1138
iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells)
398, 401, 1254–1259
IRE1 protein kinase 687–688
IRES (internal ribosome entry sites)
425–426, 1288
iron
and atmospheric oxygen levels 797
in cytochrome c and hemoglobin 766
iron-sulfur clusters
chloroplasts 787, 792–794F
mitochondria 760, 766–768,
769–771F, 773F
irradiation see radiation
IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) 824F,
852
isocitrate 106–107
isoelectric focusing 453–454
isoforms
of actin 898
of collagen 1070, 1071F, 1072
of connexins 1051
and defining the gene 417
of DSCAM proteins 415, 1207
of fibronectin 1067
of histone H3 1253
of laminin 1070, 1072F
of tubulin 925
isoleucine, structure 113
isomers/isomerizations
amino acids 112
citric acid cycle 106
in glycolysis 104
monosaccharides 96
isopeptide bonds 157, 159F
isotopic labeling, equilibrium
sedimentation 447
radioisotope labeling 452, 454,
466–467, 1219
Ixodes scapularis 1264F
J
J gene segments 1320, 1321F, 1325
JAK-STAT signaling pathway 863–864,
1304
Janus kinases (JAKs) 863
jellyfish 543, 547
“jumping genes” see mobile genetic
elements
junction complexes/junctional complexes
ER with mitochondria 691
integrin clusters and 1079
tight junctions 1049–1050
junctional diversification 1321
junctional epidermolysis bullosa 1069
K
K + channel types 634–636
K + gradients 607, 615, 617
K + leak channels 614–615, 617–618,
619F
K-Ras proto-oncogene 1123, 1125
Kai proteins 878
Kartagener’s syndrome 942
karyopherins (nuclear transport receptors)
326, 653
karyotypes
abnormalities and cancer 1097, 1108,
1111, 1125F
human chromosome set 181F, 182
KASH proteins 949, 959
katanin 933, 935–936
Kcnq1 gene 409
KDEL receptors/sequences 713–714
keratan sulfate 1058, 1060–1061F
keratins 944T, 946–947, 949, 953, 1046
α-keratin 115, 117, 124
keratocytes 951, 953, 954–955F
α-ketoglutarate 84, 106–107
ketoses 98
kidney cells 536F, 558F
kidney disease 1071
kidney glomeruli 1063T, 1069–1071
killer (cytotoxic) lymphocytes 1024, 1025F
see also cytotoxic T lymphocytes
kinase cascades 820
kindlin 1037T, 1075F, 1078F
kinesin-1 936, 937F, 939
kinesin-2 943
kinesin-4 983, 991, 992F
kinesin-5 983, 985, 987F, 994
kinesin-10 983, 991, 992F
kinesin-13 933–934, 936
kinesin-14 983, 985, 987F
kinesins 163, 459, 460F, 936–937, 939,
1288
kinesis-related proteins 983
kinetic binding experiments 458
kinetic energy 54F
kinetic proofreading 345
kinetic rate constants 458, 516F
kinetics of enzyme 141–144
kinetochore fibers 989F, 990
kinetochore microtubules 982
kinetochores
bi-orientation 988–989
in meiosis 1008
microtubule attachment 990F
in mitosis 980–981, 988F
as protein complexes 186
sister-chromatid attachment 987
Skp1 protein in 167–168
species differences 203
Kit gene/kinase
mutation effects in human and mouse
37F, 1187
stem cell factor and 1244
KKXX sequences 713
Klf4 transcription regulators 398–399F,
1254–1255
see also OSKM factors
K m (half-maximal reaction rate) 141, 143
Krebs cycle see citric acid cycle
kringle domains 122
Krüppel gene 1159
Krüppel protein 393F, 394, 395F, 1179
Ku protein 275F
L
L1 element see LINEs
L15 protein 347F
labeling see isotopic labeling
laboratory culture see cultured cells
Lac operon 381F, 382–383
β-lactamases 1293
lactate production in cancer cells 1098
lactic dehydrogenase 118F
LacZ gene/protein 382F, 384F, 1162F,
1221–1222F
lag phase, actin filament growth 899–900,
902
lagging strand
defined 242
RNA primer synthesis 245
lakritz mutant 488
lamellae 1083–1086
lamellipodia 890, 892F, 906, 912,
951–957, 958F, 959
axon growth cones 1201, 1202F
laminins 1058F, 1069–1073, 1075–1077
cultured cells and 1223
structure 1070F
laminopathies 948
lampbrush chromosomes 207–209, 211
Langerhans, islets/cells 1226, 1240
“lariat” formation, RNA splicing 318–319,
320F, 321, 324
lasers
confocal microscopy 541
in FRAP 545, 546F, 589
multiphoton imaging 542F
photoactivation/photoswitching of
fluorescent tags 544, 546F,
551–552
in TIRF microscopy 548
last common ancestor
cancer diversification from 1119F
eukaryotes 880
of humans and chimpanzees 218,
219F
of humans and mice 221
species divergence and 16F, 17, 37F,
226
late endosomes
delivery to lysosomes 696F, 723, 727,
733
early endosome maturation 730,
735–736
Rab proteins 706T, 707
latent transcription regulators
Hedgehog as 871
NFκB proteins as 873
Notch protein as 868
plant photoproteins and 884
in regulated proteolysis 867
Smad family proteins as 865
STAT proteins as 863, 865