Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

Index I:13
crime see forensic science
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed
short palindromic repeat) system
434, 497–498
crista junctions 757–758
crista space 757, 762, 767–770, 772,
777–779, 802
cristae 658, 757–758, 759–761F, 778–779
critical concentration, Cc 900–903, 904F,
906, 927–928
Crm1 receptor 420
Cro repressor protein 123
Crohn’s disease 1300
cross-beta filaments 130–131
cross-linking
of cellulose by glycans 1083
with glutaraldehyde 555
cross-presentation, dendritic cells 1329
cross-species transmission 1279, 1291
cross-strand exchanges (Holliday
junctions) 283F, 284–285
cross-talk 202, 391, 821–822, 857
crossover control 285
crossover interference 1010
crossovers see chromosome cross-overs
crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs) 434
cryoelectron microscopy 559–561, 562F
actin helices 910F
clathrin coats 699F
respiratory chain supercomplex 772,
773F
cryoelectron tomography 559F, 705F, 778
cryptic binding sites 1043, 1068
“cryptic” splice sites/signals 321, 322F,
323, 324F
cryptochromes 885
crypts, intestinal 1122, 1124, 1218–1219
CSFs (colony-stimulating factors)
1244–1246, 1257F
CstF protein (cleavage stimulation factor)
324–325, 417–418
CT (computed x-ray tomography) 1092F
CTCF protein 409F
CTCs (circulating tumor cells) 1102
CTD (C-terminal domain) 310F, 311–312,
311T, 316–317
CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated
protein 4)
1138–1139, 1337
CTR1 protein 881–882
cullins 160, 164
“culture shock” 443
cultured cells
abnormal behavior of cancer cells
1098, 1099–1100
eukaryotic cell lines 442–444
fibroblast proliferation 966F
hematopoiesis regulating factors
1244
light microscopy 440F, 442F
limitations of laboratory culture 14
myoblast fusion 1234
need for support 441
organoids from stem cells 1223
population homogeneity 440, 442
curare 632
cut-and-paste transposition 289–291
CXCL12 ligand 1185–1186
CXCR4 receptor 1279
CXCR4 receptors 1185
Cy3 and Cy5 dyes 537
cyanides 772
cyanobacteria
advanced photosynthesis in 782, 790
ATP synthases 778F
circadian clocks 878–879
and the origins of aerobic life 796–797
and the origins of chloroplasts 28F,
798F
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
AraC/AraJ genes and 521
binding site example 135F
CAP protein and 382, 522
chemotaxis by Dictyostelium 958
in cholera 576, 834
fish melanocytes and 940
G protein regulation 833–834
heart muscle effects 835
as a second messenger 819–820,
827, 833
structure 101, 834
cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase
(PKA) 827, 834–837, 841, 843,
845T, 848
cyclic-AMP-gated cation channels 844
cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases 834
cyclic GMP (cGMP) 844–848, 880
cyclic-GMP-dependent kinase 155F
cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases
844–845, 846T, 847–848
cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels
843–844
cyclin-Cdk complexes 968, 969F
cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk)
phosphorylation of nucleoporins and
lamins 656
in protein kinase evolutionary tree
155F
Cyclin E and growth inhibition 1197
cyclins
as conditionally short-lived 359
four classes 968–969
cycloheximide 351, 352T, 546F
cyclopamine 873
cyclosome see APC/C
cyclosporin A 655F
Cyk4 protein 1000F
cysteine
selenocysteine 350
structure 113
tetracysteine tags 1053F
see also disulfide bonds
cystic fibrosis 324, 611, 712
cystinuria 598–599
cytochalasins 904
cytochrome b 562 118F, 354F
cytochrome b 6 -f complex 787, 789,
791–794, 797
cytochrome c
in intrinsic apoptosis 1025–1027
structure of heme group 766
cytochrome c oxidase 767, 768F,
770–773, 774F
cytochrome c reductase 767–769,
770–771F, 773, 797
cytochrome oxidases 659F, 797
cytochrome P450 family, in detoxification
670, 1128
cytokine receptors 863–864
cytokines
class switching 1323
co-stimulatory signals from 1337
helper T cell fate 1335
IL1 and TNFα as 873
in the inflammatory response 1301
mammalian response to dsRNA 1304
see also chemokines; interferon-γ;
interleukins
cytokinesis 981
in cell cycle M phase 964, 965F,
966–1004
contractile ring and 949
ESCRT mechanism 737
membrane-enclosed organelles 1001
in plants 1000–1001
plasma membrane enlargement 748
cytokinins 881–882
cytoplasm
defined 642
macromolecules in 60F
nuclear reprogramming 1252
cytoplasmic dyneins 937–939, 943
cytoplasmic inheritance 807
cytoplasmic proteins in vesicle formation
701–702
cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases 852, 853F,
858, 862–863
Janus kinases (JAKs) as 863
cytosine
3-methyl- 271
5-methyl- 404, 406
deamination of 5-methyl- 405
deamination to uracil 267T, 268, 269F,
1322–1323
DNA base pairing with guanine 176,
177F
DNA methylation at 404
structure 100
cytoskeleton
accessory proteins 889, 894–896
actin and actin-binding proteins 891,
898–914
in axon growth 1201
bacterial and eukaryotic 24, 896–897
bacterial and viral hijacking 913–914,
1286–1288
cell migration and 951–960
coordination among elements
959–960
dynamic behavior 890–892, 895F
extracellular matrix connections 1035
filament assembly 893
function and origin 889–898
integrin links to 1075
intermediate filaments 891, 944–950
linker proteins 948–949
and membrane protein diffusion
591–593
microtubules in 891, 925–944
mitochondria association with 755
motor proteins 896
myosin and actin 914–925
receptor coupling by Rho family 858
thermal stability 895F
three elements of 889
see also microtubules
cytosol
pH regulation 604–605, 608
RNA virus replication 1278
as site of protein synthesis 641
transport between nucleus and
649–658
cytosolic surfaces
coated vesicles and 697–698
Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.