Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:26 Index
structures 90
hydrodynamic measurements 455
hydrogen bonding
in the α-helix and β-sheet 116,
579–580
in β-barrels 582
in cellulose 1083–1084
codon-anticodon matches 345F
in the DNA double helix 175, 255
edge recognition of base pairs 374
glycolipids 575
in hybridization 472
transmembrane proteins 579–580
in tRNA 335
hydrogen bonds
binding site example 135F
as noncovalent attractions 44, 94
in the nucleosome 188
polar amino acids 114
structure of 45, 92
in water 44, 94, 613
hydrogen ion release 481
hydrogen nuclei in NMR 461
hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes
666–667
hydrogenation and dehydrogenation 56
hydrolases
activity in endosomes 736
in lysosomes 722–723, 727
transport to endosomes 728–729F
hydrolysis
DNA damage from 267T
as the reverse of condensation
reactions 49F
see also ATP hydrolysis; GTP
hydrolysis
hydrolytic editing 339F
hydronium ions 46, 613, 773
hydropathy plots 579–580, 681F
hydrophilicity
contrasted with hydrophobicity 44, 92
soluble immunoglobulins 1317
hydrophobic chromatography 448, 452
hydrophobic forces
in lipid bilayers 99
as noncovalent attractions 44–45, 95
and protein structure 111, 114, 355
hydrophobicity
contrasted with hydrophilicity 44, 92
ligand-modulated transcription
regulators 874
as low in disordered regions 126
membrane-bound immunoglobulins
1317
nonribosomal proteins 808
and quality control mechanisms 357,
359
transmembrane proteins 577, 579F,
593
hydrothermal vents 11–12
hydroxyl groups, α- and β-links 97
hydroxyl ions 46, 93
hydroxylapatite (calcium phosphate) 1229
hydroxyproline 1062F, 1084
hygromycin 351F
hyperpolarization 844–845
hypervariable immunoglobulin regions/
loops 1318–1319, 1321
hypochlorite 1239
hypothalamus 877
hypoxanthine 271, 272F
hypoxia 1115, 1116F, 1191, 1238F
hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1191,
1237
hysteresis, in positive feedback 518
I
I-cell disease (inclusion-cell disease)
728–729
IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis) 1029–1030
iCAD inhibitor (of CAD) 1024F
ICAM1 1055F, 1076T, 1077
ICAMs (intercellular cell adhesion
molecules) 1055, 1056F
identical twins 412, 477
iduronic acid 1058, 1060F
IFN see interferon
IFT (intraflagellar transport) 943
Ig see immunoglobulins
IGF family (insulin-like growth factors)
860, 1114
IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) 850T,
852, 1196
Igf2 (insulin-like growth factor-2) 407, 409
IGFBP (insulin-like growth factor-binding
protein) 1066F
iHog protein 872
IκB kinase kinase (IKK) 875F
IκB proteins 874
IL1, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 17 and 21 see
interleukins
ILK (integrin-linked kinase) 1079
Illumina ® sequencing 480
image enhancement 534, 561
imaginal discs (Drosophila) 1195
immediate early genes 856, 1013F
immortalized cell lines 442–443
immune rejection, transdifferentiation and
iPS cells 1259
immune response
cancer treatment using 1137–1139
phase variation in bacteria 294
see also adaptive; innate immune
system
immune system
nonsense-mediated decay in 352–353
see also CRISPR system
immunization
as the basis of vaccination 1307
primary and secondary immune
responses 1310, 1311F
“self” molecules 1313
tumor cells and 1324
immunoblotting (Western blotting) 455
immunodeficiency 957
see also HIV
immunofluorescence 539F
immunofluorescence microscopy
cytotoxic T cells 1334F
dendritic cell 1326F
embryonic nervous systems 1041F
epithelial cells 946F, 967F
mitochondria 756F
neurons 932F
nuclear localization signals 652F
Sordaria prophase I 1007F
spermatozoa 590
synaptonemal complexes 1009F
immunoglobulin fold 121
immunoglobulin heavy chains 118F,
1316–1318, 1320–1322
immunoglobulin (Ig) domains 1318–1319,
1321F, 1338
Ig-like domains 1325, 1338
immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily
in antigen recognition 1338–1339
IgA 1316–1317, 1318T, 1320, 1322,
1323F
IgE 1316–1317, 1318T, 1319F, 1320,
1322, 1323F, 1336
IgG 1316–1317, 1318T, 1320, 1322,
1323F
IgM 1316–1317, 1318T, 1319–1320,
1322–1323
immunoglobulin light chains 1316, 1317F,
1318, 1319F, 1320–1322
V region 1320, 1321F, 1323F
immunoglobulins (Ig)
B and T cells distinguished
1308–1309, 1324
and B lymphocytes 1315–1324
binding site versatility 138, 1320
as bivalent molecules 1316
in cell-cell adhesion 1055–1056, 1077
diversification mechanisms 1323F
evolution 1338–1339
exon recombination in 230
five classes of mammalian 1316–1317
Ig-like domains 1325, 1338
primary human repertoire 1319
secondary classes 1322–1323
secondary human repertoire 1320
soluble and membrane-bound
1315–1316, 1317
V(J)D recombination in 290
see also antibodies
immunogold electron microscopy
556–557
immunological memory 1309–1311, 1326
immunological self-tolerance 1307,
1336–1337
AIRE gene in 1333
central and peripheral tolerance 1314
FoxP3 gene in 1336
mechanisms of 1313–1315
MHC-peptide complexes in
1328–1329
immunological synapses 1333, 1334F
immunoprecipitation 449–450
co-immunoprecipitation 457, 505,
506F
immunostaining 1202F
immunosuppression
immunosuppressive drugs 655F
tumor microenvironments 1137,
1138F
importins see nuclear import
imprinting, genomic 407–409
in silico, meaning 472
in vitro, meanings 440–441
in vivo, meanings 440–441
inactivation, and signal response speeds
825–826, 848
incontinentia pigmenti 300F
indels 492
independent-choice theory (stem cells)
1222, 1223F
indirect immunocytochemistry 539
indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) 882, 883F
induced-fit models 153, 345
induced proximity 822
inductive signaling 1150–1151