Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:48 Index
sugars
in GAGs 1058
glycolysis 74–78
product yields from oxidation 775T
ring and complex formation 96–97
ring numbering 100
storage as starch and fat 785–786
see also glucose; monosaccharides;
oligosaccharides;
polysaccharides
sulfur
sulfate assimilation pathway 86
sulfhydryl groups 91
see also disulfide bonds
SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier)
158
SUN proteins 948–949
superhelical tension, DNA 314–315
superhelices, collagen 1061, 1070
superoxides 771, 808, 1239, 1301
superresolution techniques (microscopy)
549–553
suppressor mutations 487
surface imaging, by SEM 558
survival factors
apoptosis suppression by 1011,
1029–1030
and cell migration 1186–1187
SV40 simian virus 128F, 732, 1279
switch helices 161
switches
allosteric proteins as 152
cell-cycle control system 967, 972–
973
cooperative binding and 517
GTP-binding proteins as 157F, 703,
820, 854
GTPases (Ran, Ras, Rho) as 653, 854,
956
kinases and phosphatases and 819
Lac operons as 382–383
M-Cdk activation 979
microtubule catastrophes and rescues
934
operation in Drosophila 392–395
positive feedback loops and 517,
518–520
protein kinases as 829F, 841, 843F,
846, 852, 857
riboswitches 414–415, 423F
Smads in 866
transcription activation and repression
871, 873, 878
transcription control in eukaryotes
384–392
transcription regulators as 384–392,
402–403
transcription repressors, to activators
868, 871
switching times, gene expression
1176–1177
symbiosis
endosymbiont hypothesis 800
in eukaryotes 25
plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria 12
in tube worms 12F
sympathetic neurons
NGF and 1208
withdrawal from the cell cycle 1018
symporters 602–603, 604F, 605, 628, 632
synapses
adjustment depending on activity
1198
chemical synapses 627–630
described 627
electrical and chemical 628
elimination 1211
formation 1209–1212
number per neuron 633
psychoactive drugs at 631–632
scaffold proteins 1050F
synapsis and desynapsis 1006–1007
synaptic clefts 628, 632–633, 1209
synaptic plasticity 636–637, 1212–1213
synaptic signaling 815
synaptic vesicles 628, 744–746, 747F
synaptobrevin 745F, 747F
synaptonemal complexes 1006–1007,
1008–1009F, 1010
synaptotagmin 745
syncytia 393F, 655F, 748, 1002, 1003F,
1157
skeletal muscle cells as 1233
syncytial blastoderms 1157–1158,
1157–1161, 1165
syndecans 1060–1061
Synechococcus elongatus 778F, 878
synonymous codons 219–220
syntaxin 745F
synteny 221–222, 224–225
“synthetic-lethal” treatments 491, 1133,
1140
synthetic ribozymes 363–364
T
T-antigen, SV40 virus 652F
T cell activation
control of nuclear import 655F
dendritic cells and 1324–1326, 1331
extracellular signals and 1336–1337
T-cell-mediated immune responses
1307–1308
T-cell receptors
accessory receptors and co-receptors
1304, 1325, 1330T, 1331–1333,
1335–1337
inhibitory receptors 1138, 1337
misfolding 712
T cells
antigen presentation by dendritic cells
1305
co-stimulatory proteins 1305, 1306F,
1326, 1327F, 1335, 1337–1338
effector T cells 1309–1311, 1313,
1324, 1328, 1333–1335, 1337
γ/δ T cells 1326
main classes of 1325
MHC proteins and 1324–1339
origin in the thymus 1308
recognition of foreign peptides 1327F
thymocytes as developing T cells
1308F, 1332–1333, 1336
t-loops 263
T tubules (transverse tubules)
in muscle contraction 920, 921F
voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in 633
T4 bacteriophage 19F, 324
T7 bacteriophage 243
tail polymerization 72–73
talin 1037T, 1075, 1078–1081
tamoxifen 1221–1222F
tandem duplication
and genetic variation 228
linking protein domains 122
tandem repeats
RNA polymerase tails 317F
STRs (short tandem repeats) 476
telomeres 262
TAP-tagging (tandem affinity purification
tagging) 451
TAP (transporter associated with antigen
processing) 611
TAR RNA 414
TAT pathway (twin arginine translocation)
665F
TAT protein 414, 420–421
TATA boxes 310–311, 312F, 385F
tau protein 932–933, 934F
Taxol ® (paclitaxel) 904T, 929, 936F
TBP (TATA-binding protein) 310,
311–312F, 311T
TBSV (tobacco bushy stunt virus) 129F
Tbx5 transcription factor 1259
TCRs (T-cell receptors) 1304, 1325–1326,
1328, 1331–1333, 1336, 1337F,
1338
telomerases
cancer cells 1100
expression by ES cells 1254
human cells not producing 1016,
1100
lcRNA in 429, 435
and the nucleolus 330
resembling reverse transcriptases
262, 263F
telomeres
as chromosomal structures 186, 263
end-replication problem 262
length and its regulation 264–265
replicative cell senescence 442, 1016,
1100
telophase 964, 981, 995
plant cell 1000F
TEM (transmission electron microscopy)
305F, 554, 555–556F, 558, 560F
temperature effects, lipid bilayers 571
temperature-sensitive mutations 489
templated polymerization 3–4
templating
active sites 145
assembly factors 130
in DNA repair 275
in DNA replication 177–178, 239–240
in PCR 474
RNA 364
tensile strength 1046, 1057, 1063, 1070,
1082–1083, 1084–1085F
tension sensing 1043, 1044F, 1068F,
1080, 1081F, 1229
teratomas 1257
terminally differentiated cells 400, 816,
1012, 1021, 1148
skeletal muscle 1233
small intestinal villi 1218–1219
termination (of transcription) 306
testes
Leydig cells 671F
piRNA in 433
testosterone, structure 99, 876F
Tet repressor 495F