Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

Index I:43
bacterial 249F
eukaryotic 253–255, 257–259, 261
failed, cell cycle response 1014
nucleosome assembly behind
261–265
repair of stalled or broken 277, 280,
281F, 1134
in S-phase 974–977
replication machines 249–250, 259
replication origins
in bacteria 254–255
in eukaryotes 186, 254–255, 258–260
in human cell division 257
methylation 257
S-phase 974–975, 976F
replicative cell senescence
avoidance by ES cells 1254
cultured cells 442
macrophages and 739
and mitochondrial DNA 808
p53 pathway and 1116
stem cells and 1243
telomere function and 264–265, 1016,
1100
reporter genes 393, 394F, 501–502, 884F
reporter proteins 543
repressor proteins see transcription
repressors
repulsive interactions, cell-cell junctions
1188, 1206
rescue, microtubules 927–928, 932–935,
986
residual bodies 739
resolution
distinguished from detection 532
electron microscopy 554, 559, 560F,
562
light microscopy 530–532
superresolution techniques 549–551
resolution limits
light microscopy 532, 549
and wavelength 529, 533F
resonance energy transfer 787–788, 789F
see also FRET
respiratory burst 1301–1302
respiratory chain
and electron donation 764
malfunctions 808
and oxidative phosphorylation 761
protein biogenesis 802F, 804
respiratory chain complexes 758, 762,
764, 766, 779
redox potentials 767, 768F
supercomplex 772–773
the three complexes 767
three constituents 767
response timing, intracellular signaling
824
resting membrane potentials 615, 617,
629–630
restriction factors 1297
restriction nucleases
in DNA cloning 468–469
interphase chromosome structures
209F
in recombinant DNA technology
464–466
restriction points see Start
Ret cadherin 1039F
retina
embryonic, tip cells and 1236
ocular dominance columns 1212
photoreceptive epithelium 1227
RGCs (retinal ganglion cells)
1204–1206
retinal 147
as (bacterio)rhodopsin chromophore
587, 845
in channelrhodopsin 623
retinitis pigmentosa 324
retinoblastomas 1013, 1107–1108, 1111
see also Rb proteins
retinoids/retinoic acid 876, 877F, 1257F
retinotopic maps 1205, 1206, 1207F,
1211
retrieval pathways 695–696, 713–714,
726, 743
retromers 727, 728F
retrotranslocation, damaged proteins
358, 686
retroviral-like elements 218F
retroviral-like transposons 291
retroviruses
and cancers 1130T
defined 290
as oncogene vectors 1105–1106
RNA editing and 419
as transdifferentiation vectors 1258
see also HIV
Rev protein 420–421
reverse genetics 494–495, 500
reverse transcriptases
AZT inhibition 1292
in cDNA cloning 470
quantitative RT-PCR 502–503
in retrovirus infection 290, 1105, 1289
telomerases as resembling 262
reversible amyloids 132–133
reversible reactions 61
see also equilibrium reactions
RGCs (retinal ganglion cells) 1204–1206
RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) 1067–1068,
1075, 1078, 1281
RGSs (regulators of G protein signaling)
832, 845
Rheb GTPase 854T, 861
Rho family GTPases
activation by extracellular signals 958
adherens junction assembly and
1043F
and bacterial entry to hosts 1281
in cell polarization 955–959
cytoskeleton and 858, 861
neuron growth cones and 858
pseudopod shaping 739
as Ras superfamily members 854T,
858
RhoA
activation in cytokinesis 997, 998F,
999
localization in cytokinesis 1000F
rhodamine 537, 545F, 756F, 936F
rhodopsin
as a GPCR 844–845
retinal and 147, 845
signal amplification 848–849
rhodopsins
ER membrane insertion 681
as GPCRs 588, 832, 845
rhombomeres 1169, 1188
RIAM protein 1078F
ribbon models, introduced 115
ribonucleases, ribosome profiling
505–506, 507F
ribose
methylation in mRNA 316F
methylation in rRNA 328
structure 96, 100, 302
synthesis 86, 366
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
abundance 327
assembly 331F, 347
codon-anticodon matches 345F
evolution of genes for 220
four types 328
interspecies comparisons 15–16
“S” values 309T, 328
transcription process 305F
ribosome profiling technique 505–506,
507F
ribosomes
among intracellular compartments
642
antibiotic binding sites 351F
bacterial and eukaryotic compared
341
characteristic of rough ER 670
free and membrane-bound 674–675
large subunit 331F, 341–343,
346–347F, 349, 423, 673
as macromolecular complexes 50F
negative staining 560
with a release factor 562F
response to antibiotics 800
as ribozymes 346–347
RNA binding sites 341–342, 347
role in translation 7, 340–343
self-assembly 128, 649
separation by centrifugation 445
small subunit 331F, 341–344, 345F,
346, 347F, 348, 423
structure 346F
subunit assembly 329, 340
TOR and S6K effects 1017
riboswitches 414–415, 423F
ribozymes
as catalysts 51, 69
ribosomes as 346–347
structure 363F
in vitro selected 363–364
ribulose, structure 96
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate 785, 786F
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
(Rubisco)
in carbon fixation 785
as example enzyme 48
x-ray crystallography 461F
Rickettsia rickettsii 1287, 1288–1289F
Rickettsia spp. 798F, 805F, 1287–1288,
1289F
Rieske protein 770F
Riftia pachyptila 12F
RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)
429–431, 432F
RITS (RNA-induced transcriptional
silencing) complex 432
RK (rhodopsin kinase) 845, 848
RLRs (RIG-like receptors) 1300
RNA catalysis
and the RNA world hypothesis
362–363
in the spliceosome 321
see also ribozymes
Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.