Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

I:10 Index
double bonds 90, 98, 566, 571
chemical carcinogens 270, 1094–1095,
1127–1129
chemical components of cells 12, 43–51
see also elements
chemical synapses 627–630
chemiosmotic processes
bacterial origins 780–781
in the citric acid cycle 759, 761–763
defined 753–754
evolution 794–796
use by chloroplasts 782–783, 786
chemokine receptors 1279
chemokines 1241
chemotaxis 958–960, 1185, 1202, 1237F,
1241F
chiasmata 1006F, 1007, 1008F
chick embryos
fibroblasts and collagen 1062F, 1064F,
1069F
neural tube 1041F, 1192F
somite formation 1177F
spinal cord 1200F
chimeric animals 1254
chimeric proteins 1135
chimpanzees 17, 217–219, 221, 224,
225F, 226, 228, 231
ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)
analysis 210
Chk1 protein kinase 1014, 1015F
Chk2 protein kinase 1014, 1015F
Chlamydia pneumoniae 1266
Chlamydomonas (C. reinhardtii ) 938F,
941F, 943
chlorophyll 754–755
energy/electron transfer 787–788
ionization, initiating photosynthetic
electron-transfer 783
P 680 chlorophyll 790, 791F, 794F
special pairs 788–790, 791–792F, 793,
794F
structure 787F
chlorophyll A 0 792
chlorophyll-protein complexes 787–788
photosystems as 788
reaction centers and antenna
complexes 788–789
chloroplast genome 782, 802F, 806–807
chloroplast precursor proteins 665F
chloroplasts
among intracellular compartments
642
collaboration with mitochondria 787F
compared with mitochondria 782–783
in cytokinesis 1001
electron transport in mitochondria and
755F
energy conversion in 784F
energy storage in 80–81
GFP-tagged mitochondria and 544F
origins and features 26–28, 644, 798F,
806–807
in photosynthesis 782–799
as plastids 642
protein transport into 658, 664–666
self-splicing RNAs 324
structure 658F
thylakoid membranes 606, 658, 664,
686
chloroquine 610
cholecystokinin 1219F
cholera 576, 732, 834, 1265, 1266F,
1269–1270
cholera toxin 1270, 1278
cholesterol
in cell membranes 568, 571–572
latent gene regulation 655, 656F
NADPH in biosynthesis 68F
receptor-mediated endocytosis of 733
and the steroid hormones 875
structure 99, 568F
in synaptic vesicles 747F
chondroblasts 1057
chondrocytes 1229
chondroitin sulfate 1058, 1060–1061F,
1185, 1202
chondromas, as benign 1092
chondrosarcomas, as malignant 1092
Chordin protein 1168–1169
chromatids see sister chromatids
chromatin
activating and repressive 205, 210
changes following nuclear
transplantation 1252–1253
DNA packaging in 179–193, 259
heterochromatin and euchromatin
194, 976
insertion of histone variants 198
position and gene expression 212,
213F
propagation of changes 199–201
structure and function 194–207
types of protein in 187
zigzag model 192
chromatin assembly factors see
chaperones, histone
chromatin domains
and barrier sequences 202, 210, 391
histone variants and 198
reader-writer complexes 199–201,
205
chromatin immunoprecipitation technique
505, 506F
chromatin modification
by reader-writer complexes 205, 406F
timing of plant flowering 1183–1184
by transcription activators 386–388
chromatin remodeling
fibroblast reprogramming and 1257F
timescale of 1177, 1179
chromatin remodeling complexes
for DNA replication 261
nucleosome changes and 190–193
required by RNA polymerase II
312–313
and transcription regulators 380, 386,
388, 390
and transcription repressors 390
chromatin structure
changes in packing 206, 214–215
and chromosome duplication
975–977
and epigenetic inheritance 194,
204–206, 409–411
and induced pluripotency 1255–1256
loop structures 207–208, 211–212,
391
multiple forms 210–211
and replication initiation 259
and RNA splicing 323
chromatography
affinity chromatography 448–450,
459, 484
column chromatography of proteins
448–449
gel-filtration chromatography
448–449, 450F, 455
HPLC (high-performance liquid
chromatography) 449, 457
hydrophobic chromatography 448,
452
ion-exchange chromatography
448–449, 452
chromokinesins 984
chromophores
plant photoproteins 884
retinal, in bacteriorhodopsin 587
chromosomal translocation, reciprocal
182F
chromosome abnormalities
aberrant human chromosomes 182
breast cancer cells 1097F, 1111F
in CML 1093
nonhomologous end joining and
274–275
ovarian cancer cells 1116
Philadelphia chromosome 1093.
1094F, 1095, 1135
chromosome banding 181–182, 209,
210F, 211, 391F
chromosome condensation 978–979
chromosome conformation capture (3C)
method 209F, 212
chromosome cross-overs
crossover control 285
frequency in humans 492
in meiosis 1006, 1007F, 1009–1010
as a result of homologous
recombination 282–283, 486
chromosome deletions, specific to
humans 226
chromosome duplication
chromatin structures and 975–977
matrix proteins 1067
chromosome painting 180–182
chromosome puffs 211
chromosome segregation
errors and cancer 1097, 1109, 1132
in meiosis 1004–1006, 1008, 1010
in mitosis 978, 994, 1097
as universal 963
chromosome size, Drosophila
melanogaster 33–34
chromosome translocations
breast cancer 1111F
globin gene family 230
leading to CML 1093–1094
chromosomes
control of duplication 974, 975F
DNA packaging at mitosis 214
DNA packaging in chromatin 187–193
DNA replication within 254–266
early discoveries 173–174
electrophoresis of whole
chromosomes 466
essential components of 185–186
forces on, in the mitotic spindles
990–992
global structures 207–216
Ig chain loci 1320
lampbrush chromosomes 207–209,
211
number of nucleotide pairs, human
257