Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter by by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morg

Index I:19
regulation of protein synthesis 361F,
405
RNA interference in 429F
RNA polymerases in 390
single-celled 24, 25F, 30
transcription control 384–392
translation initiation 422–425
eukaryotic cell sizes 644
eukaryotic cytoskeleton 896–897
eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) 347,
348F
eukaryotic parasites 1277, 1282–1284,
1290
eukaryotic pathogens 1266, 1271–1273,
1282–1283, 1286F, 1290
Eve (even-skipped) gene 392–394, 395F
evolution
cancer as a microevolutionary process
1092, 1119
of chemiosmotic processes 794–796
convergent evolution 665
critical stages in human evolution 226
of energy-conversion 753
of eukaryotic cell and its membranes
643–645
of genomes 216–234, 804
infection as a driver 1331
of ion channels 626–627, 630
molecular clock 220
nonsense-mediated decay in 352
of NPCs and vesicle coats 650
of photosynthetic reaction centers
793, 794F, 796
in plants compared with animals
880–881
of protein kinases 154–155
of protein synthesis 365–366
and RNA splicing patterns 323
sources of genetic variation 16–17,
217–218, 221, 227–232
of vertebrates 227
of viruses 1291, 1292F
see also natural selection
evolutionary tracing 136–137
exchangers see antiporters
excitatory neurotransmitters 629–631
excitatory postsynaptic potential 633
executioner caspases 1022–1025, 1026F
exocrine cells
aquaporins 612
pancreatic 671F
exocytosis
defined 695
in endocytic-exocytic cycle 731
of lysosomes and multivesicular
bodies 729
of residual bodies 739
synaptic vesicles 744–746
exon definition 322, 323F
exon skipping 321–323, 324F
exons (expressed sequences)
evolution rate 220F
in human genome 183F, 184, 318F
recombination 230
size range 322
exonucleases
exonucleolytic proofreading 243–244,
250
mRNA destruction 426
exosomes 326, 729
explants 441
expression vectors 483
see also plasmids
extracellular bacterial pathogens
1269–1271
extracellular cadherin (EC) domains 1039,
1040F
extracellular matrix
in animals 1057–1074
basal lamina as 1068–1069
cell-matrix interactions 1064
cell-matrix junctions 1035–1038,
1044F, 1074–1080, 1081F
degradation 1072–1073
fibroblast differentiation and 1229
fibrous proteins 124
general features 1035–1038
isolating and culturing cells 440, 441
migrating cells and 955
modification by cancers 1101
neuronal growth and 1202
plant cell walls as 1053
three classes of macromolecules
1057–1058
variety of forms 1057–1058
extracellular signal molecules
in intercellular communication 813
responses and concentration 828
transcription regulation response
867–880
extracellular signals
range 814–815
response to concentration changes
830–831
responses as programmed 816–817
responses speeds 826F
transcription regulator activation by
395, 399–400
extremophiles 10
extrinsic activation pathway, apoptosis
1023–1025, 1028–1029
Eyeless transcription regulator (Pax6)
397–398F, 1146F, 1171
eyes
cornea 1057, 1063–1064, 1069F
lens 1038, 1065–1066
segregation of inputs 1212
see also retina
F
F-box proteins 159–160, 167, 168F, 971,
972F
F-type ATPases see ATP synthases
FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorters)
440, 441F, 967F
Factors V and VIII, lectin binding 712
Factor VIII gene 301F, 318F
FADD (Fas-associated death domain)
1025F
FADH 2 (reduced flavin adenine
dinucleotide)
as an activated carrier 69
in the citric acid cycle 83
in the respiratory chain 768F, 772,
774, 775T
FAK (focal adhesion kinase) 863, 1037T,
1079–1080
familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 923
FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis coli)
1123–1124
Fas death receptors 1024, 1025F, 1031
Fas ligand 1024, 1025F, 1029, 1031, 1334
Fat cadherin 1039F
fate maps 1159F, 1167
fats
energy storage as 78–79, 81, 82F
energy storage in plants 785–786
oxidation to acetyl CoA 81–82, 83F
fatty acids
breakdown in peroxisomes 667
as a mitochondrial fuel 758, 759F
and other lipids 98–99
in phospholipid tails 566
product yields from oxidation 775T
unsaturated fatty acids 98
favorable and unfavorable reactions see
energetically favorable
Fbx15 gene 1255F
Fc receptor, and phagocytosis 738F, 739,
1317
FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) 1092F
feed-forward loops/motifs 401–402, 403F
incoherent and coherent 522–523
feedback loops
and cell memory 401–402
mitogen-activated transcription
1012–1013
need for quantitative analysis 38
in signaling systems 825, 828, 829F,
830–831, 856–857
feedback regulation
of cell size 1193
cholesterol 655, 656F
enzyme inhibition 150–151
generating Ca 2+ waves 838–840
in photosynthesis 784
in stem-cell division 1121
see also negative; positive feedback
FepA protein 581
fermentations 75–76, 780
ferredoxin 790F, 792–793
ferritin 427
fertilization
Ca 2+ changes 547F, 839F
centrosome 987
membrane fusion in 709
Xenopus egg rotation 1156, 1167
fetal hemoglobin 229
FG-repeats (phenylalanine glycine) 652,
653F, 654
FGF (fibroblast growth factor)
action via receptor tyrosine kinases
850T
in branching morphogenesis
1190–1191
interaction with heparan sulfate 1073
production of embryoid bodies 1257F
FGF receptor and achondroplasia 1196
fibril-associated collagens 1062–1064
fibrillar collagens 1058F, 1062–1064
fibrillin 1065–1066
Fibrinogen 1076T, 1077
fibroblasts
clathrin coated vesicles 699F
cytoskeleton in cell division 890, 892F
endocytosis 731, 732F
extracellular matrix organization 1057,
1062F, 1064, 1228
Golgi apparatus 715F, 720
inducing cell-cell adhesion 1041
intermediate filaments 946
irradiation damage to DNA 282F
mitosis 966F
Page numbers with an F refer to a figure; page numbers with a T refer to a table.