j *@ - Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia

5.S-l1ng of judm ents in nnlmnl œlor vision
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The judm ents of animals are measured indiredly as reactions M:IA resm ct
to trained stimuli among altemative stimuli. 'fhe tym of Judm ent r4n be derived
(symmetric/asymmetric data) from the measured data. The consistency test and the
interpretability of the scales enàble one.to decide whether diffeyence or ratio scsling
is appropriate to describe the judm ents.
E.G. the honey bees's color vision system hnm been investigated from
sm metric data by metric and nonmetric multidimensional difference scaling. The bees
color space has two chxomaticneu dimensions (briglktnegs is i>ored by the bee), and
hu a dty-block metric (Backhaus er Jl., 1987). The jude ents are shown to be based
on the differences in excitations of two hypothetical spectral opponent cells already
found from intracelulary recordings (Backhaus, 1988).
In principle it should also be possible to investigate the stnzcture of color
sensations (lmique colors) in nnimals if it can be shown that snimals male ratio judgments
in a spedal context (see also Backhaus, Opponent color coding and color
m rception in bees, tilis volume).
Refemnœ s
m ckhaus, W ., Menzel, R., Krekssl, S., 1987. Multidimensional scaling of color shm-lndty in bees.
Biol. W bern. 56 , 293-304. .
m cklmus, W., 1988. Color difference and color opponency in bees. N. Elsner, F.G. R'IZ'G (eds.) p.
220, Thieme, Stutt- t-New York.
Ekvnan, G . 1954. nimem ions of color vision. J. Psychol. 38, 467-474.
Ekman, G., 1963. A direct method for multidimensional ratio scaling. PsychomefvlH 28, 3-41.
Indow, T., Ohsumi, K., 1972. Multiaimensional mapping of sixty Mtmsel colo' rs by nonmetric
procedure. In:vos, J.J.s et al. (eds.) Color mekics. M C, Holhnd.
.fnzsvnl, J.B., 1964a. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmekic
hypothesis. Psychomef'rœn 29, 1-29.
KnztH l, J.B., 1964b. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method. Psychom elriH
29, 115-131.
Kuelm , W ., 1976. Elnfue in die multidlmensionale Sknlienzng. 17D , Muenchen.
n urstone, L.L., 1927. A hw of compm tive Judm ent. Psychol. Rev. 34, 273-2% .
Torgerson, W.S., 1958. n eory and methods of s ' . W 'ley, New York.