j *@ - Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia

trace of the first conditioning trial is the ITM or the LTM . Mze distinction between
ITM and LTM is mainly supported by the f'mding on genetic lines of good and m or
learning bees. These appear to differ in ITM but not LTM , beœuse a wellestablished
memory, although of lower control over behavior, does not fade more quickly in the
poorly learning lines tbnn in the good learning lines. 'lxis result Ls similar to that
observed in memory mutants in Drosophils tTu1ly, 1988). Unfortlmntely an exmriment
of the kind described above bnK yet to be carried out with poor learning bees.
Condudon
Honey bees are exœ lent animnls for studies on learning and memory. The
succession of memory phases after a single olfactory learning trial alows access to the
m derlying mechanisms because the timeeourses and the transition processes between
the three forms of mem ory can be mnnipulated. Furthermore, neurophysiological,
biochemical, and phnrmacological techniques can be applied to search for the
corresponding celular and network properties. These tecbniques have already
elucidated important features of the physioloscal mechnnlsms (Rev. Menzel, 1989;
Bicker and Menal, 1989).
Referen= :
Bicker. G. & Menzel, R. (1989). Chemie codes for tlle control of behaviour in artltropods. Nature
JJ7: 3349. '
Bitterman, M.E., Menzel, R., Fietz, A. & Schafer, S. (1983). Classical conditioning of probosds
extension in honeybees (Apis -el@ m).Z Comp. '@câol., 97: 107-119.
Brandes, C., Frisch, B. & Menzel, R. (1988). Time-colzrse of memory formation differs'in honey
bee lines selected for good and poor learning.Aaf-. Behav. 36 : 981-985.
Erber, J., Masulu, T. & Menzel, R. (1980). Localization of short-term memoa in the brain of the
bee Apis m'elêera. Physiol. Entom . 5 : 343-358.
Menzel. R. (1987). Memory traœs in honeybees. In: R. Menzel & A. Mercer (Eds.), Neurobiology
and behavlor ofhoneybeez (pp. 310425). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Menze'l . R. (1989). Learning. memory and t'cognition'' in honey bees. In: R.P. Kesner & Olten,
D.S. (Eds.), Neumbîolov o/cb-peurfpe Cov itîon. Erlbaum Inc.
Menzel. R., Erber, J. & Masuhr, T. (1974). Learning and memory in the honeybee. 1n: L. Barton-
Browne (Ed.), Experimental Jally'rf: of insect behaviour (pp. 195-217). Berlin : Springer
Verlag. '
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