Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

990 PART III Small Parts, Carotid Artery, and Peripheral Vessel Sonography
A
Augmentation
B
Augmentation
FIG. 27.38 Venous Insuficiency. (A) Duplex spectral analysis of the popliteal vein shows a normal waveform with distal augmentation. Note
no reversal of low following distal augmentation. (B) Duplex spectral analysis of the great saphenous vein shows prolonged relux after distal
augmentation, consistent with severe supericial venous insuficiency.
Brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular
vein
Pectoralis
minor muscle
Axillary
vein
Teres major
muscle
Cephalic vein
Brachial veins
Basilic vein
FIG. 27.39 Venous Anatomy of the Upper Extremity Veins.
the saphenofemoral junction to as far inferiorly as possible. A
supericial vein typically needs to be larger than 3 mm in diameter,
but not varicose, to be suitable grat material. 95 he small
saphenous vein and cephalic and basilic veins are secondary
choices and can be used if the GSV has already been harvested
or is inadequate.
Upper Extremity Veins
Normal Anatomy
he venous anatomy of the neck and arm is illustrated in (Fig.
27.39). he deep venous system includes the paired radial and
ulnar veins in the forearm, which unite distal to the level of the