Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Index I-9
Brain, neonatal/infant (Continued) Brain, neonatal/infant (Continued) Breast(s) (Continued)
porencephalic, 1537, 1565
subependymal, 1566, 1567f
death of, duplex Doppler sonography and, 1580,
1583f
destructive lesions and, 1537–1538
developmental anatomy of, 1520–1524
diverticulation disorders and, 1532–1536
duplex Doppler sonography of, 1573–1576
approaches to, 1574, 1575f
arterial blood low in, 1576, 1577t
asphyxia and, 1580
brain death and, 1580, 1583f
cerebral edema and, 1580
difuse neuronal injury and, 1580
ECMO and, 1578–1580, 1579f
hemodynamics in, 1576–1580
HII and, 1580, 1581f–1582f
hydrocephalus and, 1581–1583, 1584f
intensive care therapies and, 1578–1580
intracranial hemorrhage and, 1580–1581,
1584f
intracranial tumors and, 1585, 1587f
measurements in, 1576, 1576f–1577f, 1576t
mechanical ventilation and, 1578, 1579f
near-ield structures and, 1585, 1588f
optimization of, 1574, 1574b
pitfalls of, 1585–1589, 1589f
safety considerations for, 1574–1576
stroke and, 1580–1581, 1584f
uncommon applications of, 1585, 1588f
vascular malformations and, 1583–1585,
1585f–1587f
venous blood low in, 1578, 1578f, 1578t
ependymomas of, 1562
germinal matrix of, development of, 1524,
1524f
HPE and, 1532–1536
alobar, 1534–1535, 1534b, 1536f
classiication of, 1534f
lobar, 1535
midline interhemispheric form of, 1535–1536
semilobar, 1535
hydranencephaly and, 1538, 1538f
hydrocephalus and, 1538–1541
causes of, 1540b
cerebrospinal luid production and circulation
and, 1538–1541
hypoxic-ischemic injury to, 1541–1557
imaging of
coronal, technique for, 1513–1515, 1513b,
1513f–1515f
equipment for, 1512
mastoid fontanelle, 1512, 1517–1518, 1517f,
1519f
pitfalls in, 1523b
posterior fontanelle, 1512, 1517, 1517f–1518f
sagittal, 1515–1517, 1516b, 1516f–1517f
sonographic technique for, 1512–1518
standardized reports of, 1518–1520, 1520b
3-D ultrasound in, 1518
infections and, 1557–1560
acquired, 1560, 1561f–1563f
CMV, 1558–1560, 1559f
congenital, 1557–1560, 1559f
ventriculitis as, 1560, 1563f
lissencephaly and, 1537
in metabolic disorders, 1538
neural tube closure disorders of, 1526–1532
Chiari malformations and, 1526, 1526b,
1527f–1529f
corpus callosum agenesis and, 1526–1528,
1529b, 1530f–1533f
corpus callosum lipoma and, 1529, 1533f
Dandy-Walker malformation and, 1529–1532,
1530b, 1533f–1534f
posttraumatic injury to, 1557, 1558f
power mode Doppler ultrasound for, 1573–1574
premature
coronal imaging of, 1515, 1515f
hypoxic-ischemic events and, 1541, 1541t
normal sonographic appearance of, 1521f
ultrasound screening in, optimal, 1543b
PVL and, 1550–1553, 1551f–1553f, 1566
schizencephaly and, 1536–1537, 1537f
SOD and, 1532–1534, 1535f
sulcation disorders of, 1536–1537
sulcus of, development of, 1520–1521,
1520f–1521f
teratomas and, 1562
tumors of, 1560–1566, 1562b, 1564f–1565f
primitive neuroectodermal, 1562
rhabdoid, 1562
supratentorial, 1562
vein of Galen malformations and, 1566, 1567f
Brain, pediatric. See Transcranial Doppler
sonography, pediatric
Brain death
neonatal/infant brain and, duplex Doppler
sonography of, 1580, 1583f
pediatric
coma diferentiated from, 1618–1620, 1620f
TCD sonography and, 1618–1620, 1618b,
1619f–1620f
Brainstem, neonatal/infant, in difuse cerebral
edema, 1555f
Branchial arches, 1133–1134
anomalies of, 1651, 1651f–1653f
Branchial clets, 1651
Branchial cysts
type I, pediatric, 1639, 1651, 1651f
type II, pediatric, 1639–1640, 1651, 1652f
type III, pediatric, 1651, 1652f
Branchial sinus abscess, type IV, 1643–1645, 1645f,
1651, 1653f
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, MCDK and, 1815
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System
(BI-RADS), 768
reporting categories of, 774, 774t
Breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, 578
Breast(s)
abscesses of, 803–804, 803f–804f
anatomy of, 760–767
atrophy of, 763f
benign sonographic indings of, 795–797
hyperechoic tissue in, 796–797, 796f
parallel (wide-than-tall) orientation in, 797,
797f
thin echogenic capsule in, 797
BI-RADS reporting categories for, 774, 774t
cancer, staging of, 807–810, 808f–810f
CEUS for assessment of, 773–774
cysts of, 774–785
acorn, 778f
aspiration of, ultrasound-guided, 811, 813f
clustered macrocysts and, 779, 780f
clustered microcysts and, 782
with color streaking, 775, 776f
complex, 780–785, 782f
complicated, 775–780, 776f
Doppler ultrasound for diferentiating,
769–770, 770f
eggshell calciication and, 779, 780f
fat-luid levels in, 775, 778f
ibrocystic change and, 775
inlammation and infection of, 782–785, 785f
lipid, 775–779, 779f
microcysts and, 782, 784f
milk of calcium and, 775, 776f–777f
mural nodules and, PAM causing, 782,
783f–784f
papillary lesions and, 782
septations within, 782, 783f
simple, 774, 775f
of skin origin, 779, 781f
diagnostic ultrasound indications for, 797–803
breast pain as, 797–798
nipple discharge as, 798–799, 799f–801f
palpable lumps as, 769, 769f, 798, 798f
Doppler ultrasound for assessment of, 768–772,
770f–773f
echogenicities of, 761
elastography for assessment of, 772–773, 773f
implants of, evaluation of, 804–807, 804f–806f
interventions for, ultrasound-guided, 811–815,
813f–814f
lymphatic drainage of, 762–767, 767f
mammographic indings of, 799–803
dense tissue in, 761–762, 763f
location or position correlation in, 801
shape correlation in, 800, 802f–803f
size correlation in, 800, 801f–802f
sonographic-mammographic conirmation in,
803
surrounding tissue density correlation in, 801,
803f
nipple discharge and, 798–799, 799f–801f
pain in, 797–798
papillomas of, 769–771, 770f
intracystic, 782, 783f
intraductal, 799, 799f–800f
peripheral, 799, 800f
periductal mastitis of, 771, 771f
physiology of, 760–767
solid nodules of, 780–786, 782f
biopsy of, ultrasound-guided, 811–815,
813f–814f
circumscribed, 786
heterogenicity of, 786, 786f
papillary lesions and, 782
spiculated, 786
sonographic equipment for, 767, 767f
sonographic techniques for, 768–774
for annotation, 768
CEUS as, 773–774
color Doppler ultrasound as, 769–772,
770f–773f
Doppler ultrasound as, 768–772, 770f–773f
elastography as, 772–773, 773f
for lesion documentation, 768–769
patient position in, 768
special, 769–774
split-screen imaging for, 769, 769f
3-D ultrasound as, 773
suspicious sonographic indings of, 787–795,
787t
acoustic shadowing in, 791–792, 793f
angular margins in, 788–789, 790f
architectural distortion in, 795
associated features in, 794–795
calciications in, 793–794, 795f
duct extension in, 790–791, 792f
edema in, 795
hypoechogenicity in, 792–793, 794f
indistinct margins in, 787, 787f
microlobulations in, 789, 791f
not parallel orientation (taller-than-wide) in,
789–790, 792f
skin changes in, 795
spiculation in, 787–788, 788f
Volume I pp 1–1014 • Volume II pp 1015–1968