29.12.2021 Views

Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

1086 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal Sonography

91. Leite J, Ross P, Rossi AC, Jeanty P. Prognosis of very large irst-trimester

hematomas. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1441-1445.

92. Atrash HK, Friede A, Hogue CJ. Ectopic pregnancy mortality in the United

States, 1970-1983. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70(6):817-822.

93. Lawson HW, Atrash HK, Satlas AF, et al. Ectopic pregnancy surveillance,

United States, 1970-1985. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1988;37(5):

9-18.

94. Schwartz RO, Di Pietro DL. beta-hCG as a diagnostic aid for suspected

ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1980;56(2):197-203.

95. Ackerman TE, Levi CS, Lyons EA, et al. Decidual cyst: endovaginal

sonographic sign of ectopic pregnancy. Radiology. 1993;189(3):727-731.

96. Nagamani M, London S, Amand PS. Factors inluencing fertility ater ectopic

pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;149(5):533-535.

97. Schoen JA, Nowak RJ. Repeat ectopic pregnancy: a 16-year clinical survey.

Obstet Gynecol. 1975;45(5):542-546.

98. Coupet E. Ectopic pregnancy: the surgical epidemic. J Natl Med Assoc.

1989;81(5):567-572.

99. Rein MS, Di Salvo DN, Friedman AJ. Heterotopic pregnancy associated

with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a possible role for routine

vaginal ultrasound. Fertil Steril. 1989;51(6):1057-1058.

100. Hann LE, Bachman DM, McArdle CR. Coexistent intrauterine and ectopic

pregnancy: a re-evaluation. Radiology. 1984;152(1):151-154.

101. Wong WS, Mao K. Combined intrauterine and tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989;29(1):76-77.

102. Herztberg BS, Kliewer MA, Bowie JD. Sonographic evaluation for ectopic

pregnancy: transabdominal scanning of patients with nondistended urinary

bladders as a complement to transvaginal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol.

1999;173(3):773-775.

103. Levine D. Ectopic pregnancy. Radiology. 2007;245(2):385-397.

104. horsen MK, Lawson TL, Aiman EJ, et al. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy:

endovaginal vs transabdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol.

1990;155(2):307-310.

105. Zinn HL, Cohen HL, Zinn DL. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of ectopic

pregnancy: importance of transabdominal imaging. J Ultrasound Med.

1997;16(9):603-607.

106. Kirk E, Papageorghiou AT, Condous G, et al. he diagnostic efectiveness

of an initial transvaginal scan in detecting ectopic pregnancy. Hum Reprod.

2007;22(11):2824-2828.

107. Brown DL, Doubilet PM. Transvaginal sonography for diagnosing ectopic

pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med. 1994;13:259-266.

108. Rizk B, Tan SL, Morcos S, et al. Heterotopic pregnancies ater in vitro fertilization

and embryo transfer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164(1 Pt 1):

161-164.

109. Frates MC, Laing FC. Sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy: an

update. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165(2):251-259.

110. Fernandez H, Gervaise A. Ectopic pregnancies ater infertility treatment:

modern diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. Hum Reprod Update.

2004;10(6):503-513.

111. Connolly A, Ryan DH, Stuebe AM, Wolfe HM. Reevaluation of discriminatory

and threshold levels for serum beta-hCG in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol.

2013;121(1):65-70.

112. Cacciatore B, Stenman UH, Ylostalo P. Comparison of abdominal and

vaginal sonography in suspected ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol.

1989;73(5 Pt 1):770-774.

113. Nyberg DA, Filly RA, Laing FC, et al. Ectopic pregnancy. Diagnosis by

sonography correlated with quantitative HCG levels. J Ultrasound Med.

1987;6(3):145-150.

114. Fleischer AC, Pennell RG, McKee MS, et al. Ectopic pregnancy: features at

transvaginal sonography. Radiology. 1990;174(2):375-378.

115. Frates MC, Visweswaran A, Laing FC. Comparison of tubal ring and corpus

luteum echogenicities: a useful diferentiating characteristic. J Ultrasound

Med. 2001;20(1):27-31.

116. Stein MW, Ricci ZJ, Novak L, et al. Sonographic comparison of the tubal

ring of ectopic pregnancy with the corpus luteum. J Ultrasound Med.

2004;23(1):57-62.

117. Chen PC, Sickler GK, Dubinsky TJ, et al. Sonographic detection of echogenic

luid and correlation with culdocentesis in the evaluation of ectopic

pregnancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(5):1299-1302.

118. Mehta TS, Levine D, McArdle CR. Lack of sensitivity of endometrial thickness

in predicting presence of an ectopic pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med.

1999;18(2):117-122.

119. Malinowski A, Bates SK. Semantics and pitfalls in the diagnosis of

cornual/interstitial pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(6):1764.e11-

1764.e14.

120. Ackerman TE, Levi CS, Dashefsky SM, et al. Interstitial line: sonographic

inding in interstitial (cornual) ectopic pregnancy. Radiology. 1993;189(1):

83-87.

121. Wang W, Long W, Yu Q. Complication of cesarean section: pregnancy on

the cicatrix of a previous cesarean section. Chin Med J. 2002;115(2):

242-246.

122. Barnhart K, van Mello NM, Bourne T, et al. Pregnancy of unknown location:

a consensus statement of nomenclature, deinitions and outcome. Fertil

Steril. 2011;95(3):857-866.

123. Bottomley C, Van Belle V, Mukri F, et al. he optimal timing of an ultrasound

scan to assess the location and viability of an early pregnancy. Hum Reprod.

2009;24(8):1811-1817.

124. Moschos E, Twickler DM. Endometrial thickness predicts intrauterine

pregnancy in patients with pregnancy of unknown location. Ultrasound

Obstet Gynecol. 2008;32(7):929-934.

125. Stangel JJ. Recent techniques for the conservative management of tubal

pregnancy. Surgery, laparoscopy and medicine. J Reprod Med. 1986;31(2):

98-101.

126. Yao M, Tulandi T. Current status of surgical and nonsurgical management

of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1997;67(3):421-433.

127. Ory SJ, Villanueva AL, Sand PK, Tamura RK. Conservative treatment of

ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;154(6):

1299-1306.

128. Hajenius PJ, Mol BW, Bossuyt PM, et al. Interventions for tubal ectopic

pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000324.

129. Nazac A, Gervaise A, Bouyer J, et al. Predictors of success in methotrexate

treatment of women with unruptured tubal pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet

Gynecol. 2003;21(2):181-185.

130. Barnhart KT, Gosman G, Ashby R, Sammel M. he medical management

of ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis comparing “single dose” and “multidose”

regimens. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101(4):778-784.

131. Cyr DR, Mack LA, Nyberg DA, et al. Fetal rhombencephalon: normal US

indings. Radiology. 1988;166(3):691-692.

132. Schmidt W, Yarkoni S, Crelin ES, Hobbins JC. Sonographic visualization

of physiologic anterior abdominal wall hernia in the irst trimester. Obstet

Gynecol. 1987;69(6):911-915.

133. Lurain JR. Gestational trophoblastic disease 1: epidemiology, pathology,

clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and

management of hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(6):

531-539.

134. Semer DA, Macfee MS. Gestational trophoblastic disease: epidemiology.

Semin Oncol. 1995;22(2):109-112.

135. Wagner BJ, Woodward PJ, Dickey GE. From the archives of the AFIP.

Gestational trophoblastic disease: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Radiographics. 1996;16(1):131-148.

136. Rose PG. Hydatidiform mole: diagnosis and management. Semin Oncol.

1995;22(2):149-156.

137. Sebire NJ, Rees H, Paradinas F, et al. he diagnostic implications of routine

ultrasound examination in histologically conirmed early molar pregnancies.

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18(6):662-665.

138. Lazarus E, Hulka C, Siewert B, Levine D. Sonographic appearance

of early complete molar pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med. 1999;18(9):

589-594.

139. Benson CB, Genest DR, Bernstein MR, et al. Sonographic appearance of

irst trimester complete hydatidiform moles. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.

2000;16(2):188-191.

140. Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Current management of complete and partial

molar pregnancy. J Reprod Med. 1994;39(3):139-146.

141. Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Clinical practice. Molar pregnancy. N Engl J

Med. 2009;360(16):1639-1645.

142. Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Chorionic tumors. N Engl J Med.

1996;335(23):1740-1748.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!