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1212 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal Sonography

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78. Gaglioti P, Danelon D, Bontempo S, et al. Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly:

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81. Lee JE, Gleeson JG. Cilia in the nervous system: linking cilia function

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82. McAllister JP 2nd. Pathophysiology of congenital and neonatal hydrocephalus.

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83. Monteagudo A, Timor-Tritsch IE. Moomjy M. Nomograms of the fetal

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84. Garel C, Fetal MRI. what is the future? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.

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85. Morris JE, Rickard S, Paley MN, et al. he value of in-utero magnetic resonance

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86. Stroustrup Smith A, Levine D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the

kinked fetal brain stem: a sign of severe dysgenesis. J Ultrasound Med.

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87. Bafero GM, Crovetto F, Fabietti I, et al. Prenatal ultrasound predictors of

postnatal major cerebral abnormalities in fetuses with apparently isolated

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88. Laskin MD, Kingdom J, Toi A, et al. Perinatal and neurodevelopmental

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89. Sadan S, Malinger G, Schweiger A, et al. Neuropsychological outcome of

children with asymmetric ventricles or unilateral mild ventriculomegaly

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90. Uher BF, Golden JA. Neuronal migration defects of the cerebral cortex: a

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91. Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, et al. A developmental and genetic

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92. Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Integrative classiication of morphology and

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93. van der Knaap MS, Valk J. Classiication of congenital abnormalities of the

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94. Greene ND, Copp AJ. Neural tube defects. Annu Rev Neurosci.

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95. Goldstein RB, Filly RA. Prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly: spectrum of

sonographic appearances and distinction from the amniotic band syndromex.

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96. Naidich TP, Griiths PD, Rosenbloom L. Central nervous system injury in

utero: selected entities. Pediatr Radiol. 2015;45(Suppl. 3):S454-S462.

97. Sepulveda W, Corral E, Ayala C, et al. Chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses

with open neural tube defects: prenatal identiication with ultrasound.

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98. Caici D, Sepulveda W. First-trimester echogenic amniotic luid in

the acrania-anencephaly sequence. J Ultrasound Med. 2003;22(10):

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99. Engels AC, Joyeux L, Brantner C, et al. Sonographic detection of central

nervous system defects in the irst trimester of pregnancy. Prenat Diagn.

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100. Chen CP, Chang TY, Lin YH, Wang W. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of

acrania associated with amniotic bands. J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;32(5):

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101. Goldstein RB, LaPidus AS, Filly RA. Fetal cephaloceles: diagnosis with US.

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102. Kasprian GJ, Paldino MJ, Mehollin-Ray AR, et al. Prenatal imaging of

occipital encephaloceles. Fetal Diagn her. 2015;37(3):241-248.

103. Hoving EW. Nasal encephaloceles. Childs Nerv Syst. 2000;16(10-11):

702-706.

104. Moron FE, Morriss MC, Jones JJ, Hunter JV. Lumps and bumps on the

head in children: use of CT and MR imaging in solving the clinical diagnostic

dilemma. Radiographics. 2004;24(6):1655-1674.

105. Hunt JA, Hobar PC. Common craniofacial anomalies: facial clets and

encephaloceles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112(2):606-615.

106. Tirumandas M, Sharma A, Gbenimacho I, et al. Nasal encephaloceles: a

review of etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment,

and complications. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29(5):739-744.

107. Chen CP. Syndromes, disorders and maternal risk factors associated with

neural tube defects (I). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;47(1):1-9.

108. Copp AJ, Stanier P, Greene ND. Neural tube defects: recent advances,

unsolved questions, and controversies. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(8):

799-810.

109. Chen CP. Syndromes, disorders and maternal risk factors associated

with neural tube defects (V). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;47(3):

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110. Brunelle F, Baraton J, Renier D, et al. Intracranial venous anomalies associated

with atretic cephalocoeles. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30(11):743-747.

111. Siverino RO, Guarrera V, Attina G, et al. Parietal atretic cephalocele: associated

cerebral anomalies identiied by CT and MR imaging. Neuroradiol J.

2015;28(2):217-221.

112. Bannister CM, Russell SA, Rimmer S, et al. Can prognostic indicators be

identiied in a fetus with an encephalocele? Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000;10(Suppl.

1):20-23.

113. Bui CJ, Tubbs RS, Shannon CN, et al. Institutional experience with cranial

vault encephaloceles. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(1 Suppl.):22-25.

114. Tissir F, Qu Y, Montcouquiol M, et al. Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3

impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus. Nat Neurosci.

2010;13(6):700-707.

115. Waters AM, Beales PL. Ciliopathies: an expanding disease spectrum. Pediatr

Nephrol. 2011;26(7):1039-1056.

116. Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM. Joubert syndrome and related

disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010;5:20.

117. Pugash D, Oh T, Godwin K, et al. Sonographic ‘molar tooth’ sign in the

diagnosis of Joubert syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;38(5):

598-602.

118. Chen CP. Meckel syndrome: genetics, perinatal indings, and diferential

diagnosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;46(1):9-14.

119. Aguirre-Pascual E, Epelman M, Johnson AM, et al. Prenatal MRI evaluation

of limb-body wall complex. Pediatr Radiol. 2014;44(11):1412-1420.

120. Daltro P, Fricke BL, Kline-Fath BM, et al. Prenatal MRI of congenital

abdominal and chest wall defects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(3):

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