Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-48 Index
Posterior fossa (Continued) Pregnancy, irst trimester of (Continued) Preterm birth (PTB) (Continued)
subarachnoid cysts of, Dandy-Walker
malformation diferentiated from, 1190,
1531, 1531b
ventral induction errors in, 1189–1192
Posterior inguinal wall insuiciency, sports hernia
and, 486, 488f
Postmeningitis hydrocephalus, 1887
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder
(PTLD), 682–688
Epstein-Barr virus and, 682
ater liver transplantation, 683–688, 687f
patterns of, 688
pediatric, 1812, 1813f
ater renal transplantation, 683–688, 684f–686f
treatment options for, 688
Posttraumatic aortic stenosis, 444
Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms, of common
carotid artery, 948, 950f
Pouch of Douglas, 566
endometrioma in, 524f
Power Doppler ultrasound, 25, 25b, 26f
amplitude evaluation in, 935
for carotid stenosis evaluation, 935–939, 935b
pitfalls and adjustments in, 935f–939f,
936–939, 937b
color streaking in, breast cysts with, 775, 776f
harmonic imaging and, 60–61, 60f–62f
intermittent harmonic, 66, 66f
for neonatal/infant brain, 1573–1574
for prostate cancer, 404f–405f, 406
for prostate examination, 387
Power modulation pulse inversion (PMPI), 64
Power settings, 505–506
Preaxial polydactyly, fetal, 1405–1406
Precocious pseudopuberty, pediatric ovarian cysts
and, 1875
Precocious puberty, 1746, 1887–1888
Predelivery aspiration procedure, in fetal hydrops,
1437
Preeclampsia
fetal hydrops prognosis and, 1436
pediatric pregnancy and, 1884
placental infarction in, 1477f
Preexisting cavitation nuclei, 41
Pregnancy. See also Ectopic pregnancy;
Hydatidiform molar pregnancy;
Multifetal pregnancy
adnexal cysts in, 1020
“cornual”, 1073
early failure of, 1062–1069
hydronephrosis in, 316
iliac vein compression in, 459, 460f
keepsake imaging in, 49b, 50
luteoma of, 572
MRI in, 1031–1032, 1031f
ovarian lesions associated with, 572, 572f
pediatric, 1884–1885
second trimester of
indications for ultrasound in, 1015, 1016b
ultrasound guidelines for, 1019–1022, 1020b
teen, fetal gastroschisis and, 1322–1323
thermal index for bone in late, 1039
thermal index for sot tissue in early, 1039
third trimester of
indications for ultrasound in, 1015, 1016b
ultrasound guidelines for, 1019–1022, 1020b
of unknown location, 1075
uterus size in, 531
Pregnancy, irst trimester of. See also Aneuploidy,
screening for, irst-trimester; Ectopic
pregnancy; Gestational trophoblastic
disease
aneuploidy screening for, 1089–1097
change during, 1048
early failure of, 1062–1069
amnion size in, 1066, 1067f–1068f
arrhythmia and, 1069
chromosomal anomaly causing, 1062
CRL and no heartbeat in, 1063, 1064f
diagnostic indings of, 1063–1064, 1063b
embryonic bradycardia and, 1068–1069, 1068f
embryos with CRL less than 7mm and no
heartbeat in, 1064
gestational sac appearance concerns in, 1065,
1066f
gestational sac with no embryo in, 1063–1065,
1065f
gestational sac with small MSD in relationship
to CRL, 1066, 1067f
luteal phase defect causing, 1062–1063
spontaneous abortion rate and, 1062, 1062t
subchorionic hemorrhage and, 1069, 1069f
worrisome indings of, 1064–1069, 1065t
yolk sac size and shape in, 1067–1068, 1068f
ectopic, 1069–1076
embryo evaluation during, 1076–1077
embryology in, 1049–1054
gestational age estimation in, 1061–1062
gestational trophoblastic disease and, 1077–1084
indications for ultrasound in, 1015, 1016b
maternal physiology in, 1049–1054
normal anatomy in, 1077, 1077f
normal sonographic appearance of, 1054–1061
amnion in, 1057, 1059f–1060f
β-hCG levels and, 1055–1057, 1057b
embryo in, 1057, 1059f–1060f
embryonic cardiac activity in, 1058–1059,
1060f
gestational sac in, 1054–1055, 1055f–1056f
umbilical cord cysts in, 1061, 1061f
umbilical cord in, 1059–1061
yolk sac in, 1057, 1058f
sonography in
current trends in, 1049
goals of, 1049
transvaginal ultrasound safety in, 1049
ultrasound guidelines for, 1016–1019, 1016b,
1017f–1020f
Pregnancy dating, 1022
Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), 1075
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A),
1089–1090
Premammary zone, of breast, 761, 761f
Premature atrial contractions (PACs), 1295–1296
Premature rupture of membranes, pulmonary
hypoplasia and, 1246
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), 43
fetal arrhythmias and, 1295–1296
Premenarchal girls, ovarian volume in, 1873, 1875t
Preplacental hematoma, 1471, 1475f
Presacral mass(es)
fetal, 1239, 1239b
pediatric, 1913–1915, 1913b, 1914f–1915f
solid, 1914–1915
Presteal waveform, 953b, 954, 954f
Preterm birth (PTB)
cervical length and, 1499–1500, 1499f
short, 1500–1501, 1500f, 1501t
deinition of, 1495
incidence of, 1495
multifetal pregnancy morbidity and mortality
and, 1119–1123
prior, cervical assessment in, 1504
spontaneous, prediction of, 1495–1496,
1501–1503
cervical change rate in, 1501
cervical funneling in, 1501, 1502f
dynamic cervical change in, 1501–1503, 1503f
gestational age at cervical length measurement
in, 1500–1501, 1501t
obstetric factors in, 1501
sonographic features in, 1503, 1504f
PRF. See Pulse repetition frequency
Primary peritoneal mesothelioma, 513, 516f
Primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma,
511–513, 515f
Primary peritonitis, 517
Primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary tree and,
182, 183f, 184
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors, neonatal/infant
brain and, 1562
Proboscis
cyclopia with, 1140, 1144f
in trisomy 13, 1104, 1105f
Probst bundles, in corpus callosum agenesis, 1528
Process vaginalis, relationship of indirect inguinal
hernia to, 476–477
Processus vaginalis, 819
pediatric, 1902
Profunda femoris artery, 966
nonocclusive thrombi in, missing, 988
Profunda femoris vein
chronic DVT in, 987f
normal anatomy of, 980–981, 981f
Prominence, forming fetal face, 1134, 1134f
Pronephros, 311, 312f, 1336–1338
Propagation speed, of transducer, 7
Propagation velocity
artifact, 3, 3f, 420–421
of sound, 2–3, 3f
in SWE, 16, 18f
Proptosis, 1140
Prosencephalon, formation of, 1077
Prostaglandin-induced antral foveolar hyperplasia,
1839–1840
Prostate
abscesses of, 389, 390f, 392
adenocarcinoma of, 395
anatomy of, 382–384
axial, 383f, 384
neural structures in, 384
sagittal, 383f, 384–386
vascular, 384, 386f
zonal, 382–384, 382f–383f, 385f–386f
azoospermia and, 393
benign conditions of, 387–392
benign ductal ectasia of, 387, 388f
benign hyperplasia of, 384, 385f–386f, 387–388
biopsy of
PSA-directed, 395
ultrasound-guided, 407–411, 408f
calciications of, 387, 388f
cancer of, 394–407
active surveillance for, 401
alternate biomarkers of, 396
brachytherapy for, 401, 402f
CEUS for, 406
color Doppler ultrasound for, 404f, 406
elastography for, 407
epidemiology of, 395
external beam radiotherapy for, 400–401, 401f
focal therapy for, 400
high-intensity focused ultrasound for, 400
histologic grading of, 399–400
key facts of, 395b
mortality by age in, 397
mpMRI-TRUS fusion for, 406–407, 410–411
power mode Doppler ultrasound for,
404f–405f, 406
prostate-speciic antigen in, 395–396, 396b
radical prostatectomy for, 400, 401f
screening for, 396–397
sonographic appearance of, 403–407,
403f–405f, 406b
staging, 397–400, 397f, 398t, 399f